Brahmic diacritics

Virama ( ्, (see #Names for other terms) is a Sanskrit phonological concept to suppress the inherent vowel that otherwise occurs with every consonant letter, commonly used as a generic term for a codepoint in Unicode, representing either halanta, hasanta or explicit virāma, a diacritic in many Brahmic scripts, including the Devanagari and Bengali scripts, or saṃyuktākṣara (Sanskrit: संयुक्ताक्षर) or implicit virama, a conjunct consonant or ligature. Unicode schemes of scripts writing Mainland Southeast Asia languages, such as that of Burmese script and of Tibetan script, generally do not gro

Anusvara ( ; , , ), also known as Bindu ( ; ), is a symbol used in many Indic scripts to mark a type of nasal sound, typically transliterated or in standards like ISO 15919 and IAST. Depending on its location in a word and the language for which it is used, its exact pronunciation can vary. In the context of ancient Sanskrit, anusvara is the name of the particular nasal sound itself, regardless of written representation.

In Sanskrit phonology, visarga () is the name of the voiceless glottal fricative, written in Devanagari as . It was also called, equivalently, '' by earlier grammarians. The word visarga'' () literally means "sending forth, discharge".

Chandrabindu (; IAST: , ) is a diacritic sign with the form of a dot inside the lower half of a circle. It is used in the Devanagari (ँ), Bengali-Assamese (), Gujarati (ઁ), Odia (ଁ), Tamil (◌𑌁 Extension used from Grantha), Telugu (ఁ), Kannada (◌ಁ), Malayalam (◌ഁ), Sinhala (◌ඁ), Javanese ( ꦀ) and other scripts.

The nuqta (, , ; sometimes also spelled nukta, , ), is a diacritic mark that was introduced in Devanagari and some other Indic scripts to represent sounds not present in the original scripts. It takes the form of a dot placed below a character. This idea is inspired from the Arabic script; for example, there are some letters in Urdu that share the same basic shape but differ in the placement of dots(s) or nuqta(s) in the Perso-Arabic script: the letter ع ayn, with the addition of a nuqta on top, becomes the letter غ g͟hayn. The word itself means "dot" in Arabic.

Avagraha ('''', ) is a symbol used to indicate prodelision of an ()'' in many Indian languages like Sanskrit as shown below. It is usually transliterated with an apostrophe in Roman script and, in case of Devanagari, as in the Sanskrit philosophical expression ' ('), which is a sandhi of ( + ) ‘I am Shiva’. The avagraha is also used for prolonging vowel sounds in some languages, for example Hindi for ‘Mā̃ā̃ā̃ā̃!’ when calling to one's mother, or when transliterating foreign words in instant messaging: for example, 'cool' can be transliterated as . This symbol is more frequently used in the Eas

The laghava ( ''''''; from the , ) is the Devanagari abbreviation sign, comparable to the full stop or ellipsis as used in the Latin alphabet. It is encoded in Unicode at .