Bulgars

thumb|right|300px|Bulgars led by Khan (title)|Khan [[Krum pursue the Byzantines at the Battle of Versinikia (813)]]

632–668 nomadic empire in Eastern Europe

thumb|200px|A terracotta vessel in the shape of a sphinx, 5th century BC. One of 26 similar pieces discovered in a feminine necropolis ("[[Demeter's priestess") near Phanagoria. On exhibit at the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg.]] Phanagoria (; ) was the largest ancient Greek city on the Taman peninsula, spread over two plateaus along the eastern shore of the Cimmerian Bosporus.

Batbayan ruled the Khazarian Bulgars from 667 to 690 CE.

migration Period hoard

thumb|right|200px|A 2007 monument to emir Ibrahim ibn Muhammad, a ruler of [[Volga Bulgaria, founder of Elabuga]] Bulgarism is an ideology aimed at the "revival of Bulgars' national identity" and Volga Bulgaria statehood. It originated in the second half of 19th century within the Wäisi movement and the Society for the study of the native land (Chuvashia). It was revived at the end of the 20th century as "neobulgarism" in Tatarstan, Bashkortoston and Chuvashia.

Vokil, or Uokil, was a name of Bulgar dynastic clan of the early period of the First Bulgarian Empire listed in the Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans. The first listed in Nominalia was Kormisosh (r. 737–754) and the last was Umor (r. 766).

Ascum () was a general of the Byzantine Empire, active early in the reign of Justinian I (r. 527–565). He was in command of the Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum. His name is reported by John Malalas. Both Theophanes the Confessor and George Kedrenos render his name "Ακούμ" (Acum).