Buoyancy

Archimedes of Syracuse ( ; ) was an Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor from the city of Syracuse in Sicily. Although few details of his life are known, based on his surviving work, he is considered one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity, and one of the greatest mathematicians of all time. Archimedes anticipated modern calculus and analysis by applying the concept of the infinitesimals and the method of exhaustion to derive and rigorously prove many geometrical theorems, including the area of a circle, the surface area and volume of a sphere

law of physics fundamental to fluid mechanics

thumb|The forces at work in buoyancy. The object floats at rest because the upward force of buoyancy is equal to the downward force of gravity.

Isostasy () or isostatic equilibrium is the state of gravitational equilibrium between Earth's crust (or lithosphere) and mantle such that the crust "floats" at an elevation that depends on its thickness and density. This concept is invoked to explain how different topographic heights can exist at Earth's surface. Although originally defined in terms of continental crust and mantle, it has subsequently been interpreted in terms of lithosphere and asthenosphere, particularly with respect to oceanic island volcanoes, such as the Hawaiian Islands.

characteristic number in fluid dynamics

phenomenon exposing movement of air into and out of buildings, chimneys, flue gas stacks, or other containers, resulting from air buoyancy

characteristic number of a falling body proportional to the quotient of potential and kinetic energy

angular frequency at which a vertically displaced parcel will oscillate within a statically stable environment

simplification for simulating fluids under natural convection

measurement of the initial static stability of a floating body

the height in the atmosphere at which a rising parcel of air reaches surrounding air of the same temperature

gas used to create buoyancy in a balloon or aerostat

variable in atmospheric physics

portion of the space within a ship

process occurring when lower continental crust and mantle lithosphere break away from the upper continental crust

buoyant object used to indicate liquid level

a state where buoyancy forces are exactly balanced by weight on an immersed body