Bureaucratic organization

Bureaucracy ( ) is a system of organization where laws or regulatory authority are implemented by civil servants (non-elected officials). Historically, a bureaucracy was a government administration managed by departments staffed with non-elected officials. Today, bureaucracy is the administrative system governing any large institution, whether publicly owned or privately owned. The public administration in many jurisdictions is an example of bureaucracy, as is any centralized hierarchical structure of an institution, including corporations, societies, nonprofit organizations, and clubs.

thumb|Statue of a Tang dynasty official, 7th–8th century A bureaucrat is a member of a bureaucracy and can compose the administration of any organization of any size, although the term usually connotes someone within an institution of government.

branch of governmental service or employees of a government agency

member of a body who is part of it by virtue of holding another office

red-dyed cotton tape formerly used for bundling official documents; by extension, excessively bureaucratic procedures or regulations

government of the Byzantine Empire

thumb|right|Karl Piratskiy. Chinovniks of the Ministry of War of 5 and 8 classes. 1863 The chinovnik (Russian and Ukrainian: Чиновник; Belarusian: Чыноўнік) was a Russian title for a person having a rank and serving in the civil or court service, i.e. the Tsarist bureaucracy. The institution of chinovniks existed de facto in the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, but until 1722 it did not have a clear structure. The de jure chinovnik institute was structured by the establishment of the Table of Ranks on February 4, 1722.

trotskyist view of state socialist bureaucracy, particularly under Stalin

polemic term for the ruling class of Soviet-type states

organizational structure where every entity in the organization, except one, is subordinate to a single other entity

Trotskyist term to describe Stalinist Russia and similar societies

Term used by Karl Marx for crude, forced collectivism

extensive system of governmental licensing and regulation in India's economy from about 1947 to 1990

the use of economics to understand organizations