Caesars (heirs apparent)

Roman emperor (250-306)

emperor of the Western Roman Empire (419-455)

Maximian (; ), nicknamed Herculius, was Roman emperor from 286 to 305. He was Caesar from 285 to 286, then Augustus from 286 to 305. He shared the latter title with his co-emperor and superior, Diocletian, whose political brain complemented Maximian's military brawn. Maximian established his residence at Trier but spent most of his time on campaign. In late 285, he suppressed rebels in Gaul known as the Bagaudae. From 285 to 288, he fought against Germanic tribes along the Rhine frontier. Together with Diocletian, he launched a scorched earth campaign deep into Alamannic territory in 288, refo

Galerius Valerius Maximianus (; Greek: Γαλέριος; 258 – May 311) was Roman emperor from 305 to 311. He participated in the system of government later known as the Tetrarchy, first acting as caesar under Emperor Diocletian. In this period Galerius obtained victory warring against the Persian Sasanian Empire, defeating Narseh at the battle of Satala in 298 and possibly sacking the Sasanian capital of Ctesiphon in 299. He also campaigned across the Danube against the Carpi, defeating them in 297 and 300. Galerius was promoted to augustus upon the abdication of Diocletian in 305, but had to contend

Byzantine Emperor (520-582)

Flavius Julius Crispus (; 300 – 326) was the eldest son of the Roman emperor Constantine I, as well as his junior colleague (caesar) from March 317 until his execution by his father in 326. The grandson of the augustus Constantius I, Crispus was the elder half-brother of the future augustus Constantine II and became co-caesar with him and with his cousin Licinius II at Serdica, part of the settlement ending the Cibalensean War between Constantine and his father's rival Licinius I. Crispus ruled from Augusta Treverorum (Trier) in Roman Gaul between 318 and 323 and defeated the navy of Licinius

Junior Roman emperor from 351 to 354

Flavius Julius Dalmatius (died ), sometimes spelled Delmatius, was caesar of the Roman Empire from 335 to 337, under Emperor Constantine the Great. He oversaw Thrace, Macedonia, and Achaea.

Roman usurper

heir of the Roman Empire as the adopted son of Emperor Hadrian, and father of emperor Lucius Verus

Western Roman Emperor from 409 to 411

Roman caesar from 317 to 324

Byzantine emperor; son of Byzantine Emperor Maurice

Roman emperor

Magnus Decentius (died 18 August 353) was caesar of the Western Roman Empire from 350 to 353, under his brother Magnentius.

son of Roman Emperor Maximinus Thrax

adoptive son and heir of Roman emperor Galba

Caesar of the Roman Empire (c.162-169)

5th-century Caesar of the Western Roman Empire

Caesar of the Byzantine empire

politician (0500-0471)

Byzantine co-emperor (r. 641)

son of the East Roman military commander Armatus and briefly caesar of the Eastern Roman Empire in 476–477/8

Byzantine aristocrat and general

Roman politician, son of emperor Pertinax (180-212)

Caesar of the Byzantine Empire

Byzantine emperor