Caryophyllales subfamilies

The Chenopodioideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae in the APG III system, which is largely based on molecular phylogeny, but were included – together with other subfamilies – in the family Chenopodiaceae, or goosefoot family, in the Cronquist system.

The Cactoideae are the largest subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae, and are widely distributed throughout the Americas. Cactaceae is the 5th most endangered plant or animal family evaluated globally by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Around 80% of cactus species belong to this subfamily. The genera of the Cactoideae are characterized by microscopic foliage leaves. All photosynthesis occurs in shoot cortex cells covered by a persistent epidermis and stomata. Another important characteristic of this subfamily is ribbed stems, which enable the inner cortex to expand radi

Opuntioideae is a subfamily of the cactus family, Cactaceae. It contains 15 genera divided into five tribes. The subfamily encompasses roughly 220–250 species, and is geographically distributed throughout the New World from Canada, to Argentina. Members of this subfamily have diverse habits, including small geophytes, hemispherical cushions, shrubs, trees, and columnar cacti consisting of indeterminate branches or determinate terete or spherical segments.

The Salicornioideae are a subfamily of the flowering plant family Amaranthaceae (sensu lato, including the Chenopodiaceae). Important characters are succulent, often articulated stems, strongly reduced leaves, and flowers aggregated in thick, dense spike-shaped thyrses. These halophytic plants are distributed worldwide. Many are edible (see Samphire)

The Amaranthoideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae. The stamens have anthers with two lobes (locules) and four pollen sacs. The main distribution of the subfamily is in tropical America, in tropical and southern Africa, and in Australia.

The Salsoloideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae, formerly in family Chenopodiaceae.

The Gomphrenoideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae.

The Betoideae are a small subfamily of the flowering plant amaranth family, Amaranthaceae sensu lato (or in Chenopodiaceae sensu stricto). Commonly known members include beet, sugar beet, chard, and mangelwurzel, which all are cultivars of Beta vulgaris.

The Suaedoideae are a subfamily of plants in the family Amaranthaceae (now including the former family Chenopodiaceae). These plants are characterized by well-developed leaves, which, except for the Bienertia genus, feature a central vascular bundle and numerous lateral bundles. Suaedoideae are found nearly worldwide and play a significant role in the vegetation of shorelines and salty inland habitats, particularly in arid regions. The subfamily includes both C3 and C4 plants, with C4 photosynthesis having originated independently four times within the group. Phylogenetic research divides Suae

Polygonoideae is a subfamily of plants in the family Polygonaceae. It includes a number of plants that can be highly invasive, such as Japanese knotweed, Reynoutria japonica, and its hybrid with R. sachalinensis, R. × bohemica. The subfamily also includes the cultivated genus Rheum, rhubarb. Boundaries between the genera placed in the subfamily and their relationships have long been problematic, but a series of molecular phylogenetic studies have clarified some of them, resulting in the division of the subfamily into seven tribes.

The Polycnemoideae are a small subfamily of plants in the family Amaranthaceae sensu lato. The few relictual species are distributed in Eurasia and North Africa, North America, and Australia.

The Corispermoideae are a subfamily of the Amaranthaceae, formerly in family Chenopodiaceae.