Catholicism in the Middle Ages

upright=1.2|right|thumb|14th-century image of a university lecture

thumb|upright|A group of friars; novices of the Order of Augustinian Recollects at the Monastery of Monteagudo in 2006 A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders in the Catholic Church. There are also friars outside of the Catholic Church, such as within the Evangelical-Lutheran Churches and Anglican Communion. The term, first used in the 12th or 13th century, distinguishes the mendicants' itinerant apostolic character, exercised broadly under the jurisdiction of a superior general, from the older monastic orders' allegiance to a single monastery formalized by their vow of stability. A

thumb|right|200px|Johann Otto von Gemmingen, Prince-Bishop of Augsburg (1591–1598)

peace movement in Medieval Europe

community descended from Muslims and Jews

The Fraticelli (Italian for “Little Brethren”) or Spiritual Franciscans were multiple Christian monastic sects who split from the Franciscan Order due to opposition to changes to the rule of Saint Francis of Assisi, especially with regard to poverty. They also regarded the wealth of the Catholic Church as scandalous, with the view that the riches of individual churchmen invalidated their status. The Fraticelli were declared heretical in 1296 by Pope Boniface VIII.

A diaconia was originally an establishment built near a church building, for the care of the poor and distribution of the church's charity in medieval Rome or Naples (the successor to the Roman grain supply system, often standing on the very sites of its stationes annonae). Examples included the sites of San Vito, Santi Alessio e Bonifacio, and Sant'Agatha in Rome, San Gennaro in Naples (headed by a deacon named John in the end of the ninth and the beginning of the tenth century. The popes allocated to the Romans bathing through diaconia, or private Lateran baths, or even a myriad of monastic

Frangistan () was a term used by Easterners and Persians in particular, during the Middle Ages and later historical periods to refer to Western or Latin Europe.

originally designated the landed possessions and revenues of various kinds that belonged to the "Church of Saint Peter" in Rome, by virtue of the apostolic see status as founded by Saint Peter, according to Catholic tradition

series of trials

aspect of history