Census of Quirinius

The Zealots were members of a Jewish political movement during the Second Temple period who sought to incite the people of Judaea to rebel against the Roman Empire and expel it from the Land of Israel by force of arms, most notably during the First Jewish–Roman War. "Zealotry" was the term used by the Jewish historian Josephus for a "fourth sect" or "fourth Jewish philosophy" during this period.

Ethnarch of Samaria/Judea/Idumea from 4 BC to 6 AD

thumb|upright=1.4|Mary, mother of Jesus|Mary and Joseph register for the census before Governor Quirinius. Byzantine mosaic at the [[Chora Church, Constantinople 1315–1320.]] Publius Sulpicius Quirinius (c. 51 BC – AD 21), also translated as Cyrenius, was a Roman aristocrat. After the banishment of the ethnarch Herod Archelaus from the tetrarchy of Judea in AD 6, Quirinius was appointed legate governor of Syria, to which the province of Judaea had been added for census purposes.

1st-century Jewish revolutionary

Theudas (; ; died ) was a Jewish rebel of the 1st century AD. Scholars attribute to his name a Greek etymology and according to Thayer, is a contraction of Theodore, and Hitchcock, for his part, says it means "flowing with water" , although with a Hellenist-styled ending. At some point between 44 and 46 CE, Theudas led his followers in a short-lived revolt.

enrollment of the Roman provinces of Syria and Judaea for tax purposes taken in 6/7 CE

painting by Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Old Masters Museum Brussels

right|thumb|Coin of Coponius Coponius was the first Roman governor (prefect) of Judaea province (from 6 CE to 9 CE).

Gospel according to Luke, chapter 2

ceremonial arms