Ceramic materials

thumb|upright=1.35|A pair of muddy Wellington boot|Wellington boots thumb|Gamo mud volcano in Tokamachi, Japan Mud (, or Middle Dutch) is loam, silt or clay mixed with water. Mud is usually formed after rainfall or near water sources. Ancient mud deposits hardened over geological time to form sedimentary rock such as shale or mudstone (generally called lutites). When geological deposits of mud are formed in estuaries, the resultant layers are termed bay muds. Mud has also been used for centuries as a construction resource for mostly houses and also used as a binder. An Old English word for it

thumb|Chinese Ru ware celadon-glazed bottle vase, [[Northern Song, 11th–12th century]]

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thumb|International Gothic Bohemian bust of the [[Virgin Mary; –1395; terracotta with polychromy; 32.5× 22.4× 13.8cm]]

ZnO is a white powder insoluble in water

chemical compound naturally occurring as periclase

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thumb|200px|Martensite in AISI 4140 steel thumb|200px|0.35% carbon steel, water-quenched from 870 °C

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upright=1.35|thumb|Samples of soapstone

thumb|Refractory bricks in a Ladle transfer car|torpedo car used for hauling molten iron

thumb|Hydroxyapatite thumb|Needle-like hydroxyapatite crystals on stainless steel. Scanning electron microscope picture from [[University of Tartu.]] thumb|Nanoscale coating of Ca-HAp, image taken with Scanning probe microscopy|scanning probe microscope thumbnail|right|A 3D visualization of half of a hydroxyapatite unit cell, from x-ray crystallography Hydroxyapatite (IMA name: hydroxylapatite) (Hap, HAp, or HA) is a naturally occurring mineral form of apatite with the formula , often written to denote that the crystal unit cell comprises two entities. It is the hydroxyl endmember of the compl

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thumb|Jian ware tea bowl with "hare's fur" glaze, southern [[Song dynasty, 12th century, Metropolitan Museum of Art (see below)]]

Earthenware is glazed or unglazed nonvitreous pottery that has normally been fired below . Basic earthenware, often called terracotta, absorbs liquids such as water. However, earthenware can be made impervious to liquids by coating it with a ceramic glaze, and such a process is used for the great majority of modern domestic earthenware. The main other important types of pottery are porcelain, bone china, and stoneware, all fired at high enough temperatures to vitrify. End applications include tableware and decorative ware such as figurines.

substrate suitable for hydroculture applications

compound of silicon and nitrogen

branch of engineering concerned with the development, production, and application of ceramic and ceramic products

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intermetallic inorganic chemical compound

porcelain composed of bone ash, feldspathic material, and kaolin

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Glass-ceramics are polycrystalline materials produced through controlled crystallization of base glass, producing a fine uniform dispersion of crystals throughout the bulk material. Crystallization is accomplished by subjecting suitable glasses to a carefully regulated heat treatment schedule, resulting in the nucleation and growth of crystal phases. In many cases, the crystallization process can proceed to near completion, but in a small proportion of processes, the residual glass phase often remains.

thumb|SEM image of a geopolymer granule prepared from metakaolin by alkaline activation to be further used as a sorbent. A geopolymer is an inorganic, often ceramic-like material, that forms a stable, covalently bonded, non-crystalline to semi-crystalline network through the reaction of aluminosilicate materials with an alkaline or acidic solution. Many geopolymers may also be classified as alkali-activated cements or acid-activated binders. They are mainly produced by a chemical reaction between a chemically reactive aluminosilicate powder e.g. metakaolin or other clay-derived powders, natura

range of refractory clays used in the manufacture of ceramics

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ultrafine amorphous silica spheres recovered from the silicon and ferrosilicon alloy production

unglazed, white ceramic ware

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liquid mixture or slurry of clay and/or other materials suspended in water

thumb|Frit A frit is a ceramic composition that has been fused, quenched, and granulated. Frits form an important part of the batches used in compounding enamels and ceramic glazes; the purpose of this pre-fusion is to render any soluble and/or toxic components insoluble by causing them to combine with silica and other added oxides. However, not all glass that is fused and quenched in water is frit, as this method of cooling down very hot glass is also widely used in glass manufacture.

transparent polycrystalline ceramic

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thumb|400px|Chinese porcelain dish (left), 9th century, excavated in [[Iran, and a fritware dish made in Iran (right), 12th century (British Museum)]] thumb|Blue and white bowl with radial design, 13th century, Iran (Brooklyn Museum) thumb|right|Dish with cypress tree decoration, 1570–1575, İznik pottery|İznik ([[Calouste Gulbenkian Museum)]] Fritware, also known as stone-paste, is a type of pottery in which ground glass (frit) is added to clay to reduce its fusion temperature. The mixture may include quartz or other siliceous material. An organic compound such as gum or glue may be added for

Clay with cellulose fiber

finely powdered silica used as a thickener

family of high-temperature superconductors

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stoneware that was often described as an artificial stone in the late 18th and early 19th centuries

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Porcelain material consisting of clay and other materials

craft material of metal particles and a plastic binder

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subgroup of ceramics, subgroup of composites

magnet made of ferrite material

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thumb|α-SiAlON parts SiAlON ceramics are a specialist class of high-temperature refractory materials, with high strength at ambient and high temperatures, good thermal shock resistance and exceptional resistance to wetting or corrosion by molten non-ferrous metals, compared to other refractory materials such as, for example, alumina. A typical use is with handling of molten aluminium. They also are exceptionally corrosion resistant and hence are also used in the chemical industry. SiAlONs also have high wear resistance, low thermal expansion and good oxidation resistance up to above ~1000&nbsp

crystal-clear glass that belongs to the lithium-silicate family of glasses

ternary compounds of stratified carbides and nitrides.

tiles made of ceramic material

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