Charles Sanders Peirce

American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist (1839-1914)

computational equipment, physical or theoretical, that performs a boolean logic function

form of logical inference that seeks the best conclusion that explains a set of given observations

American mathematician (1809–1880)

binary operation that is true if and only if both operands are false

Semiosis (, ), or sign process, is any form of activity, conduct, or process that involves signs, including the production of meaning. A sign is anything that communicates a meaning, that is not the sign itself, to the interpreter of the sign. The meaning can be intentional such as a word uttered with a specific meaning, or unintentional, such as a symptom being a sign of a particular medical condition. Signs can communicate through any of the senses, visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, or taste.

Psychologist and logician (1847-1930)

In semiotics, linguistics, anthropology, and philosophy of language, indexicality is the phenomenon of a sign pointing to (or indexing) some element in the context in which it occurs. A sign that signifies indexically is called an index or, in philosophy, an indexical.

extension of first-order logic allowing quantification over functions and relations

distinction that separates a concept from the objects which are particular instances of the concept

art technique of the use of signs that stand in for and take the place of something else

British philosophical writer (1837–1912)

Axiom used in logic and philosophy

property of a set of logical connectives which can express all possible truth tables by combining members of the set

something that communicates meaning

triangle of numbers analogous to Pascal's triangle

diagrammatic notation for logical expressions proposed by Peirce

The phaneron (From , meaning 'visible, manifest') is the subject matter of phenomenology, or of what Charles Sanders Peirce later called phaneroscopy. The term, which was introduced in 1905, is similar to the concept of the "phenomenon" in the way it meant "whatever is present at any time to the mind in any way". It is the total of all that the mind perceives and knows, whether it corresponds to reality or not.

maxim of logic formulated by Charles Sanders Peirce

"Pragmaticism" is a term used by Charles Sanders Peirce for his pragmatic philosophy starting in 1905, in order to distance himself and it from pragmatism, the original name, which had been used in a manner he did not approve of in the "literary journals".

map projection

Tychism () is a thesis proposed by the American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce that holds that absolute chance, or indeterminism, is a real factor operative in the universe. This doctrine forms a central part of Peirce's comprehensive evolutionary cosmology. It may be considered both the direct opposite of Albert Einstein's oft quoted dictum that: "God does not play dice with the universe" and an early philosophical anticipation of Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.

formal operation that transforms a predicate into a relation

charles Sanders Peirce formulation of Semiotics