Chauvinism

thumb|alt=A woman under arrest walking between two policemen |Suffragette [[Dora Thewlis was arrested by the Metropolitan Police in 1914 for campaigning for women's right to vote.]] Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender. Sexism can affect anyone, but primarily affects women and girls. It has been linked to gender roles and stereotypes, and may include the belief that one sex or gender is intrinsically superior to another. Extreme sexism may foster sexual harassment, rape, and other forms of sexual violence. Discrimination in this context is defined as discriminatio

Chauvinism ( ) is the unreasonable belief in the superiority or dominance of one's own group or people, who are seen as strong and virtuous, while others are considered weak, unworthy, or inferior. The Encyclopaedia Britannica describes it as a form of "excessive and unreasonable" patriotism and nationalism, a fervent faith in national excellence and glory.

thumb|237px|Polish sociologist Ludwig Gumplowicz is believed to have coined the term "ethnocentrism" in the 19th century, although he may have merely popularized it. Ethnocentrism in social science and anthropology—as well as in colloquial English discourse—is the application of one's own culture or ethnicity as a frame of reference to judge other cultures, practices, behaviors, beliefs, and people, instead of using the standards of the particular culture involved. Since this judgment is often negative, some people also use the term to refer to the belief that one's culture is superior to, or

thumb|The American War-Dog, a 1916 political cartoon by Oscar Cesare, with the dog named "Jingo"

legendary French soldier

outdated diagnosis for patients with multiple symptoms of a neurological condition

assumption that the chemical processes of hypothetical extraterrestrial life must be constructed primarily from carbon

upright|thumb|Stepan Bandera

ultranationalism of imperial colonial ethnic groups, described by Marxists

policy advocating welfare benefits just for certain groups

terrorism motivated by the desire to punish women

terrorism motivated by nationalism

ethnocentric attitudes among ethnic Han within China

Melnykites () is a colloquial name for members of the OUN-M or OUN(m), a faction of the Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) that arose out of a split with the more radical Banderite faction in 1940. The term derives from the name of Andriy Melnyk (1890–1964), the leader of the OUN formally elected to the post in August 1939 following the May 1938 assassination of the previous leader, Yevhen Konovalets, by the NKVD. Stepan Bandera and his followers rejected Melnyk's leadership following disagreements around the composition of the OUN leadership and Bandera's intention to provoke an upr

book by Ariel Levy

psychological misogyny and abuse