Cheirodontinae

Cheirodon is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes, characins, belonging to the family Characidae. The fishes in this genus occur in South America. Of the current species assigned to this genus, one, C. jaguaribensis, is placed here as a convenience, as its actual position in Characidae is unknown, or incertae sedis. Four species from this genus are endemic to southern Chile and are the only living species within the Characiformes found in the southern part of South America, west of the Andes.

Odontostilbe is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes, characins, belonging to the family Characidae. The fishes in this genus are found in Central and South America.

Serrapinnus is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Characidae. The fishes in this genus are found in tropical South America.

Saccoderma is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish, characins, belonging to the family Characidae. The fishes in this genus are found in Colombia and Venezuela.

Prodontocharax is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Characidae. The fishes in this genus are found in South America.

Compsura is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish, characins, belonging to the family Characidae. One species occurs in Panama (C. gorgonae), and the other in eastern Brazil.

Heterocheirodon is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish, characins, belonging to the family Characidae. The fishes in this genus are found in South America, in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay.

Macropsobrycon is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish, characins, belonging to the family Characidae. These fishes are found in South America.

Aphyocheirodon is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cheirodontinae.

Kolpotocheirodon is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish, characins, belonging to the family Characidae. The fishes in this genus are endemic to the uppermost Paraná, Paraguaçu and São Francisco basins in the central Brazilian Plateau. They feed on small invertebrates. Kolpotocheirodon reach up to around in standard length. Both species in the genus are considered threatened by Brazil's Ministry of the Environment.

Holoshesthes is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Characidae. The only species in this genus is Holoshesthes pequira, a characin, found in South America.

Pseudocheirodon is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fish, characins, belonging to the family Characidae. The fishes in this genus are found in southern Central America. There are currently two described species in this genus.

Amblystilbe is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Characidae. The only species in the genus is Amblystilbe howesi, a characin, which is found in the western Amazon basin in Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. This fish has a maximum standard length of .

Cheirodontinae is a subfamily of freshwater ray-finned fishes, characins, belonging to the family Characidae. The fishes in this genus are found in the Neotropics as far north as Costa Rica and in South America. They are absent from the Pacific drainages of South America except for four species in the genus Cheirodon that are endemic to southern Chile. Some authorities split this subfamily into two tribes, Cheirodontini and Composurini, based on the males' reproductive characteristics. However, later phylogenetic studies found Cheirodontinae to be monophyletic but that the division onto two tr

Acinocheirodon is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Cheirodontinae, the only species in the genus is Acinocheirodon melanogramma, a characin. This species is found in tributaries of the São Francisco and Jequitinhonha Rivers in Brazil. A. melanogramma is found in clearwater streams with a moderate current and in backwaters. This species has a maximum standard length of . The populations in the São Francisco River and in the Jequitinhonha River are morphologically distinct.

Ctenocheirodon is a monospecific genus of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the family Characidae. The only species in this genus is Ctenocheirodon pristis, a characin, which is endemic to the drainage basin of the upper Tocantins River in Brazil. This species has a fusiform body with a maximum standard length of in females and in males. It occurs in clear water over sand and gravel substrates with no vegetation. The genus name prefixes Cheirodon with cteno, which means "comb", and the specific name pritis, means "saw", both names being a reference to the "ventral procurrent caudal-fin a