Chemical kinetics

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thumb|A range of industrial catalysts in pellet form thumb|An air filter that uses a low-temperature oxidation catalyst to convert [[carbon monoxide to less toxic carbon dioxide at room temperature. It can also remove formaldehyde from the air.]] Catalysis (, ) is the increase in rate of a chemical reaction due to an added substance known as a catalyst ( ). Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after the reaction. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst is recycled quickly, a very small amount of catalyst often suffices; mixing, surface area, and temperature are imp

study of the rates of chemical reactions

energy that must be input to a system to undergo a reaction or process

thumb|3D structure of a hammerhead ribozyme

sequence of reactions where a reactive product or by-product causes additional reactions to take place

for a reactant or product in a particular reaction is intuitively defined as how quickly or slowly a reaction takes place

formula for the temperature dependence of reaction rates

any model explaining a chemical reaction

scientific law

set of states (each characterized by its own geometry, energy) in which an assembly of atoms, when randomly placed there, would have an equal probability of forming the reactants or of forming the products of that elementary reaction

Model of enzyme kinetics

single-step chemical reaction

molecular entity that is formed from the reactants (or preceding intermediates) and reacts further to give the directly observed products of a chemical reaction

quantifies the rate of a chemical reaction

equation that links reaction rate with concentrations of reactants in a chemical reaction

kinetic theory of gases

In chemistry, molecularity is the number of molecules that come together to react in an elementary (single-step) reaction and is equal to the sum of stoichiometric coefficients of reactants in the elementary reaction with effective collision (sufficient energy) and correct orientation. Depending on how many molecules come together, a reaction can be unimolecular, bimolecular or even trimolecular.

slowest step of reaction

bottleneck variable limiting the evolution of a system

abstract coordinate depicting chemical reaction progress

series of chemical reactions which are initiated by a stimulus acting on a receptor that is transduced to the cell interior through second messengers and ultimately to effector molecules, resulting in a cell response to the initial stimulus

scientific theory

an arrangement of atoms in an arbitrary region near the saddle point of a potential energy surface

In chemistry and biology, activation is the process whereby something is prepared or excited for a subsequent reaction.

equation characterising electrochemical kinetics

equation relating the rate of an electrochemical reaction to the overpotential

equation used in chemical kinetics to describe changes in the rate of a chemical reaction with temperature

chemical that is used to prevent degradation

chemical clock demonstration experiment

relation between the surface area and the volume of an object

reaction that changes observably after a time

American chemist (1921–2005)

phenomenon in physical organic chemistry

pre-exponential constant in the Arrhenius equation in Chemical Kinetics

term

chemical reaction where three or more compounds react to form a single product

hypothesis in physical organic chemistry

central term in chemical kinetics

particle scattering in which kinetic energy is not conserved

influence of substituents on the thermodynamics and kinetics of ring-closing reactions in organic chemistry

Microcanonic transition state theory of unimolecular reactions

Chemical reaction

Deoxyribozymes, also called DNA enzymes, DNAzymes, or catalytic DNA, are DNA oligonucleotides that are capable of performing a specific chemical reaction, often but not always catalytic. This is similar to the action of other biological enzymes, such as proteins or ribozymes (enzymes composed of RNA). However, in contrast to the abundance of protein enzymes in biological systems and the discovery of biological ribozymes in the 1980s, there is only little evidence for naturally occurring deoxyribozymes. Deoxyribozymes should not be confused with DNA aptamers which are oligonucleotides that sele

reaction rate equals rate of transport

Empirical model for microorganisms growth

type of pseudorotation in chemistry

intramolecular interaction

relationship describing the kinetics of intermolecular photochemical deactivation

dimensionless parameter in fluid mechanics

Stopped-flow is one of a number of methods of studying the kinetics of reactions in solution. It is ideal for studying chemical reactions with a typical dead time on the order of 1 millisecond. In the simplest form of the technique, the solutions of two reactants are rapidly mixed by being forced through a mixing chamber, on emerging from which the mixed fluid passes through an optical observation cell. At some point in time, the flow is suddenly stopped, and the reaction is monitored using a suitable spectroscopic probe, such as absorbance, fluorescence or fluorescence polarization. The chang

elementary reaction,stage of a stepwise reaction in which a reaction intermediate (reactants for the first step) is converted into the next reaction intermediate (products for the last step) in the sequence of intermediates between reactants/products

Concept in chemical kinetics

dimensionless number used in chemical engineering

French physical chemist

technique for studying free-radical reactions in gases; an intense flash of light dissociates molecules in the sample creating free radicals, which can be detected spectroscopically

chemical compound

temperature coefficient

Principle in chemical kinetics

common linear graph used in chemical kinetics