Christendom

Roman Empire during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages

The Renaissance ( , ) is a European period of history and cultural movement, very roughly defined as covering the 14th through 17th centuries, though sometimes more narrowly defined for instance as only covering the 15th through 16th centuries. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity and was characterized by the European rediscovery and revival of the literary, philosophical, and artistic achievements of classical antiquity. Associated with great social change in most fields and disciplines, including art, architecture, politics, literature, exploration and science, the Rena

multi-ethnic complex of territories in Western and Central Europe (800/962–1806)

territories mostly in the Appenine Peninsula under the sovereign direct rule of the pope between 756–1870

thumb|250px|Detail of the Cantigas de Santa Maria|Cantiga #63 (13th century), which deals with a late 10th-century battle in San Esteban de Gormaz involving the troops of Count García and [[Almanzor]] The Reconquista (Spanish and Portuguese for ) or the fall of al-Andalus was a series of military campaigns by northern Iberian Christian polities against Muslim-ruled al-Andalus, which had previously been part of the Visigothic Kingdom before the Muslim Conquest of 711. The Reconquista concluded in 1492 with the capture of Granada by the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, thereby ending the presence of

division of Christianity into two large parts in 1054

800–843 final stage in the history of the early medieval realm of the Franks, ruled by the Carolingian dynasty

thumb|330px|Christianity – Percentage of population by country (2010 data)

16th-century map-like depiction of the European continent as a queen

aspect of history

Christianity played a prominent role in the development of Western civilization

Byzantine sphere of influence

cultural renewal across medieval Western Europe

aspect of history

medieval term for international community of Christian peoples and states