Christian theological movements

Arianism () is a Christological doctrine that rejects the traditional notion of the Trinity, teaching that Jesus was created by God and is therefore distinct from God. It is named after its proponent Arius (250 or 256 – 336 AD) and is regarded as heretical by most modern mainstream branches of Christianity. Arianism is held by a minority of modern denominations, although some of these groups espouse related doctrines such as Socinianism, and others avoid the term "Arian" because of its historically negative connotations. Modern denominations sometimes associated with the teaching include Jehov

upright=1.2|right|thumb|14th-century image of a university lecture

thumb|Ecumenism symbol from a plaque in St. Anne's Church, Augsburg, Germany. It shows Christianity as a boat at sea with the cross serving as the mast.

Evangelicalism (), also called evangelical Christianity or evangelical Protestantism, is a worldwide, interdenominational movement within Protestant Christianity that emphasizes evangelism, or the preaching and spreading of the Christian gospel. The term evangelical is derived from the Koine Greek word εὐαγγέλιον (euangelion), meaning "good news," in reference to the message of salvation through Jesus Christ. Evangelicalism typically places a strong emphasis on personal conversion, often described as being "born again", and regards the Bible as the ultimate authority in matters of faith and pr

thumb|Painting of Saint Thomas Aquinas, after whom Thomism is named

Pietism (), also known as Pietistic Lutheranism, is a movement within Lutheranism that combines its emphasis on biblical doctrine with an emphasis on individual piety and living a holy Christian life.

thumb|Artistic portrayal of Pelagius, for whom Pelagianism was named

trend of historically mainstream congregations adopting beliefs and practices similar to Pentecostalism.

Personalism is an intellectual stance that emphasizes the importance of the human person. Personalism exists in many different versions, and this makes it somewhat difficult to define as a philosophical and theological movement. Friedrich Schleiermacher first used the term personalism () in print in 1799. One can trace the concept back to earlier thinkers in various parts of the world.

thumb|upright|Jacobus Arminius in a 1625 engraving by W. Swanenburgh Arminianism is a theological tradition in Protestantism which emerged in the early 17th century and is based on the ideas of the Dutch Reformed theologian Jacobus Arminius and his historic supporters known as Remonstrants. Dutch Arminianism was originally articulated in the Remonstrance (1610), a theological statement submitted to the States General of the Netherlands. This expressed an attempt to moderate the doctrines of Calvinism related to its interpretation of predestination.

Universalism is the philosophical and theological concept that some ideas have universal application or applicability.

school of Christian theology that emphasizes the importance of reason and experience over doctrinal authority

Dispensationalism is a Christian theological framework for interpreting the Christian Bible which maintains that history is divided into multiple ages called dispensations in which God interacts with his chosen people in different ways. It is often distinguished from covenant theology, the traditional Reformed view of reading the Bible. These are two competing frameworks of biblical theology that attempt to explain overall continuity in the Bible. The coining of the term "dispensationalism" has been attributed to Philip Mauro, a critic of the system's teachings, in his 1928 book The Gospel of

part of theology dealing with the theoretical truths of faith concerning God and God’s works, especially the official theology recognized by an organized Church body

British and American protestant movement opposed to modernist theology

In Protestant Christianity, Neo-orthodoxy or Neoorthodoxy, also known as crisis theology and dialectical theology, was a theological movement developed in the aftermath of the First World War. The movement was largely a reaction against doctrines of 19th-century liberal theology, and a reevaluation of the teachings of the Reformation. Karl Barth is the leading figure associated with the movement. In the United States, Reinhold Niebuhr was a leading proponent of neo-orthodoxy. It is unrelated to Eastern Orthodoxy.

atheism based on the philosophical legacy of the teachings of Jesus Christ

social movement based on the views of Leo Tolstoy

Christian demoninations that accept the Fourth Ecumenical Council

branch of feminism that seeks equality within Christianity

thumb|right|Solemn Mass|High Mass at [[Pusey House, Oxford]]

Semi-Pelagianism (or semipelagianism) is a historical Christian theological and soteriological school of thought about the role of free will in salvation. In semi-Pelagian thought, a distinction is made between the beginning of faith and the increase of faith. Semi-Pelagian thought teaches that the latter half – growing in faith – is the work of God, while the beginning of faith is an act of free will, with grace supervening only later.

thumb|alt= .|Blessed John Duns Scotus (c.1265-1308), the [[eponym of Scotism.]]

existentialist approach to Christian theology

upright=1.35|thumb|''The Drunkard's Progress'': by [[Nathaniel Currier 1846, warns that moderate drinking leads, step-by-step, to total disaster.]] Moralism is a philosophy that arose in the 19th century that concerns itself with imbuing society with a certain set of morals, usually traditional behaviour, but also "justice, freedom, and equality". It has strongly affected North American and British culture, concerning private issues such as the family unit and sexuality, as well as issues that carry over into the public square, such as the temperance movement.

thumb|Augustine of Hippo, after whom Augustinianism is named

religious movement in North American Protestantism

Neo-scholasticism (also known as neo-scholastic Thomism or neo-Thomism because of the great influence of the writings of Thomas Aquinas on the movement) is a revival and development of medieval scholasticism in Catholic theology and philosophy which began in the second half of the 19th century.

beliefs espoused by Paul the Apostle

philosophical union of Judeo-Christian ethics and humanist principles

Christian belief that all will be reconciled to God

Evangelical Christian movement which teaches that Christians can access the power of faith or fear through speech

right|thumb|Luis de Molina, the namesake of Molinism

theological method developed out of queer theory, positing that gender nonconformity has always been present in human history, including the Bible

Protestant biblical interpretive framework for understanding the overall structure of the Bible

type of theology developed from Alfred North Whitehead

group of ancient Churches within Eastern Christianity, recognizing decrees and professing the dogmas of only either the first two, or the first three Ecumenical Councils

thumb|300px|Sabbath Eve, painting by Alexander Johnston (artist)|Alexander Johnston thumb|300px|Christian denominations teaching first-day Sabbatarianism, such as the Free Presbyterian Church of Ulster, observe the Lord's Day as a day of worship and rest. Sabbatarianism advocates the observation of the Sabbath in Christianity, in keeping with the Ten Commandments.

Christian theological and philosophical school of thought

Christian soteriological view that everyone receives eternal life the moment that they believe in Jesus Christ as their Savior and Lord, distinguishing between the "call to believe" and the "call to follow"

Catholic school of thought

Christian movement emphasizing resisting racial oppression

Early Christian movement which was the precursor of Christian orthodoxy

era in the history of Lutheranism (1580–1730)

thumb|William of Ockham, the [[eponym of Occamism.]]

vow of poverty by 42 bishops of the Catholic Church

Origenism refers to a set of beliefs attributed to the Christian theologian Origen of Alexandria. The main principles of Origenism include allegorical interpretation of scripture, pre-existence, and subordinationism. Origen's thought was influenced by Philo the Jew, Platonism and Clement of Alexandria.

postmodern theology

Neo-Lutheranism was a 19th-century revival movement within Lutheranism which began with the Pietist-driven Erweckung, or Awakening, and developed in reaction against theological rationalism and pietism.

Christian movement advocating the restoration of the offices of prophet and apostle

non-denominational movement within Christianity

thumb|upright|Palamas Palamism or the Palamite theology comprises the teachings of Saint Gregory Palamas (c. 1296 – 1359), whose writings defended the Eastern Orthodox practice of Hesychasm against the attack of Barlaam. Followers of Palamas are sometimes referred to as Palamites.

Lutheran groups that accept the doctrines taught in the Book of Concord of 1580 in their entirety because (quia) they are completely faithful to the teachings of the Bible

Paleo-orthodoxy (from Ancient Greek παλαιός "ancient" and Koine Greek ὀρθοδοξία "correct belief") is a Protestant Christian theological movement in the United States which emerged in the late 20th and early 21st centuries and which focuses on the consensual understanding of the faith among the ecumenical councils and Church Fathers. While it understands this consensus of the Church Fathers as orthodoxy proper, it calls itself paleo-orthodoxy to distinguish itself from neo-orthodoxy, a movement that was influential among Protestant churches in the mid-20th century.

thumb The Kollyvades () were the members of a movement within the Eastern Orthodox Church that began in the second half of the eighteenth century among the monastic community of Mount Athos, which was concerned with the restoration of traditional practices and opposition to unwarranted innovations, and which turned unexpectedly into a movement of spiritual regeneration. As Metropolitan Kallistos Ware succinctly points out:

theological movement within evangelical and post-evangelical Protestant Christianity, stating that, due to God’s and humans’ free will, God's knowledge is dynamic (“open”); His providence, flexible; the future, a plurality of branching possibilities

form of Christianity

Christian faith development of coherent systematic theology movements

era in the history of Calvinism

relationship between Neoplatonism and Christianity