Circassian history

series of wars between Persia and Russia

the Princedom of Kabardia, also known as Eastern Circassia (), was a historical country in the North Caucasus corresponding partly to modern-day Kabardino-Balkaria. It existed as a political community from the fifteenth century until it came under Russian control in the early nineteenth century after the Russo-Circassian War.

Ubykhia (Ubykh: ТIуахъы; ; ; ) was one of the historical regions of Circassia. It was inhabited by the Ubykh people, a Circassian tribe. It was a region located around Sochi. Ubykhia was ruled by the Berzeg and Dishan clans and elected elders, and was the last region to fall under Russian control during the Russo-Circassian War.

section of coastline

Zichia (; , ) was the predecessor of Circassia and a medieval kingdom on the northeastern shore of the Black Sea, inhabited by Circassians.

Italian traveler

historical principality and province of Circassia