Civil law (legal system)

legal system originating in continental Europe

Hypothec (; from Lat. hypotheca, from Gk. : hypothēkē), sometimes tacit hypothec, is a term used in civil law systems (e.g. the law of most of Continental Europe) to refer to a registered real security of a creditor over real estate, but under some jurisdictions it may additionally cover ships only (ship hypothec), as opposed to other collaterals, including corporeal movables other than ships, securities or intangible assets such as intellectual property rights, covered by a different type of right (pledge). Common law has two main equivalents to the term: mortgages and non-possessory lien.

integrated piece of legislation that aims to exhaustively cover an area of law

private law relating to property, family, and obligations

Usufruct () is a limited real right (or in rem right) found in civil law and mixed jurisdictions that unites the two property interests of usus and fructus: Usus (use, as in usage of or access to) is the right to use or enjoy a thing possessed, directly and without altering it. Fructus (fruit, as in the fruits of production) is the right to derive profit from a thing possessed: for instance, by selling crops, leasing immovables or annexed movables, taxing for entry, and so on.

means for the creation of legal relations

'''''' (Greek, 'implanting') or emphyteutic lease is a contract for land that allows the holder the right to the enjoyment of a property, often in perpetuity, on condition of proper care, payment of tax, and rent. This type of real estate contract specifies that the lessee must improve the property for the nation or for its population, for example through construction of a railway service perhaps or by farming the land to create produce, as happened in Mauritius where the population was starving. The term is commonly used in Quebec, Belgium and France and its ex-colonies. This kind of lease is

a high instance court that exists in some judicial systems

judge who has no legal training

Derogation is a legal term of art, which allows for part or all of a provision in a legal measure to be applied differently, or not at all, in certain cases. The term is also used in Catholic canon law, and in this context differs from dispensation in that it applies to the law, whereas dispensation applies to specific people affected by the law.

thumb|300px|Forced heirship rules by country In civil law and Roman law, the legitime (), also known as a forced share or legal right share, of a decedent's estate is that portion of the estate from which they cannot disinherit their children, or their parents, without sufficient legal cause. The word comes from French , meaning "rightful heir."

improper exercise of a legal right for the purpose of causing annoyance, harm, or injury to another

contract in civil law

The Mudawana (or Moudawana, ), short for mudawwanat al-aḥwāl ash-shakhṣiyyah (, ), is the personal status code, also known as the family code, in Moroccan law. It concerns issues related to the family, including the regulation of marriage, polygamy, divorce, inheritance, and child custody. Originally based on the Maliki school of Sunni Islamic jurisprudence, it was codified after the country gained independence from France in 1956. Its most recent revision, passed by the Moroccan parliament in 2004, was praised by human rights activists for its measures to address women's rights and gender equ

system of property ownership between spouses

Legal doctrine

defined as property, assets, or a legal estate that can be divided for a fiduciary purpose