Climate forcing

presence of dangerous substances in the atmosphere

atmospheric heat retention

heat-trapping gas in a planet's atmosphere

thumb|Albedo change in Greenland: The map shows the difference between the amount of sunlight [[Greenland reflected in the summer of 2011 versus the amount it reflected between 2000 and 2006. Some areas reflect close to 20 percent less light than a decade ago.]] Albedo ( ; ) is the fraction of sunlight that is diffusely reflected by a body. It is measured on a scale from 0 (corresponding to a black body that absorbs all incident radiation) to 1 (corresponding to a body that reflects all incident radiation). Surface albedo is defined as the ratio of radiosity Je to the irradiance Ee (flux per u

thumb|right|The Sun, as seen from low Earth orbit overlooking the International Space Station. This sunlight is not filtered by the lower atmosphere, which blocks much of the solar spectrum.

thumb|upright=1.35|A natural arch produced by erosion of differentially weathered rock in Jebel Kharaz ([[Jordan)]]

hypothetical climatic effect of nuclear war

periodic changes in the orbital movements of the earth

Contrails (; short for "condensation trails") or vapour trails are line-shaped clouds produced by aircraft engine exhaust or changes in air pressure, typically at aircraft cruising altitudes several kilometres/miles above the Earth's surface. They are composed primarily of water, in the form of ice crystals. The combination of water vapor in aircraft engine exhaust and the low ambient temperatures at high altitudes cause the trails' formation.

urban area that is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities

collision of two astronomical objects with measurable effects

microscopic solid or liquid matter suspended in the Earth's atmosphere

accounting of the energy flows which determine Earth's surface temperature and drive its climate

temperature anomaly event caused by a volcanic eruption

estimate of how an atmospheric gas affects global climate change

main component of Portland cement (CEM I)

type of climate model

Waste heat is by necessity produced both by machines that do work and in other processes that use energy, for example in a refrigerator warming the room air or a combustion engine releasing heat into the environment.

the difference between the incoming radiation energy and the outgoing radiation energy in a given climate system

massive volcanic formation resulting from flood basalt eruptions

climatic effect causing a planet's atmosphere to trap heat and prevent cooling

sources and amounts of greenhouse gases emitted to the atmosphere from human activities

atmospheric soot; component of fine particulate matter

interactions between deforestation and climate change

hypothesized extended period of worldwide cold weather due to the impact of a celestial body on the Earth's surface

term in chemistry: long-term transformation of silicate rocks to carbonate rocks by weathering and sedimentation, and the transformation of carbonate rocks back into silicate rocks by metamorphism and volcanism

Effect on the Earth's climate from slow orbital change

type of climate change feedback mechanism

the effect of solar radiation being deflected by clouds

Clouds that form around the exhaust released by ships

field of scientific study

Water vapor transfer from the Amazon Basin

Assarting is the act of clearing forested lands for use in agriculture or other purposes. In English land law, it was illegal to assart any part of a royal forest without permission. This was the greatest trespass that could be committed in a forest, being more than a waste: while waste of the forest involves felling trees and shrubs, which can regrow, assarting involves completely uprooting all trees—the total extirpation of the forested area.