Clinical pharmacology

human subject research in medicine

symptoms caused by an excess of serotonin in the central nervous system

unintended effect due to administration of one or more drugs

medicinal effect, whether therapeutic or adverse, that is secondary to the one intended

change in the action or side effects of a drug caused by another drug

Pharmacotherapy, also known as pharmacological therapy or drug therapy, is defined as medical treatment that utilizes one or more pharmaceutical drugs to improve ongoing symptoms (symptomatic relief), treat the underlying condition, or act as a prevention for other diseases (prophylaxis).

In medicine, photosensitivity is an abnormal reaction of the skin to light. There are two types: photoallergy and phototoxicity. The photosensitive ganglion cells in the mammalian eye are a separate class of light-detecting cells from the photoreceptor cells that function in vision.

thumb|Hormesis is a biological phenomenon wherein an organism that is exposed to a known harmful stressor has an adaptive response that may be beneficial to the organism Hormesis is a two-phased dose-response relationship whereby low-dose exposures have a beneficial effect and high-dose amounts are either inhibitory to function or toxic. Within the hormetic zone, the biological response to low-dose amounts of some stressors is generally favorable. An example is the breathing of oxygen, which is needed in certain concentrations for respiration in aerobic animals. Exposure to elevated levels of

pharmacological term

undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other medical intervention

extent to which the patient follows prescribed treatment responsibly, in the broader sense including both medication and appointments

program providing access to unapproved drugs or medical devices

thumb|240px|A cat eating grass – an example of zoopharmacognosy Zoopharmacognosy is a behaviour in which non-human animals self-medicate by selecting and ingesting or topically applying plants, soils and insects with medicinal properties, to prevent or reduce the harmful effects of pathogens, toxins, and even other animals. The term derives from Greek words zoon ("animal"), pharmacon ("drug, medicine"), and gnosis ("knowledge").

unintended effect of a drug

non-departmental public body of the Department of Health in the United Kingdom

adverse drug reaction of the skin

dose that produces therapeutic response in some fraction

the science of drugs and their clinical use

medical condition

Method of assessing antibiotics

Cytoprotection refers to the process by which certain pharmacological agents protect cells, particularly the gastric and intestinal mucosal cells, from injury caused by harmful substances, without inhibiting or neutralizing gastric acid.

the combination of two or more drugs to achieve better treatment results

Loss of memory caused by psychoactive substances