Cloud and fog physics

Contrails (; short for "condensation trails") or vapour trails are line-shaped clouds produced by aircraft engine exhaust or changes in air pressure, typically at aircraft cruising altitudes several kilometres/miles above the Earth's surface. They are composed primarily of water, in the form of ice crystals. The combination of water vapor in aircraft engine exhaust and the low ambient temperatures at high altitudes cause the trails' formation.

small particle (typically 0.2 µm) on which water vapor condenses

process of ice crystal growth in clouds

process by which droplets, bubbles, or particles merge during contact

study if the formation of clouds

Particle helping to form an ice crystal

ballon observed to determine the height of the base of clouds

type of climate change feedback mechanism

part of the anvil of a thunderstorm

describes the process in which water vapor condenses and forms liquid cloud drops

Clouds that form around the exhaust released by ships

the effect of solar radiation being deflected by clouds

phenomenon of the atmosphere

measurement system to quantify intensity of rainfall

phenomenon of convection

meteorological tool