Cognitive psychology

thumb|17th-century representation of consciousness by Robert Fludd, an English Paracelsian physician

thumb|right|Taste bud

subdiscipline of psychology

theory of mind examining human perception, structures and organizing principles in sensory impressions

using generic or ad hoc methods in an orderly manner to find solutions to problems

Psychophysics is the field of psychology which quantitatively investigates the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they produce. Psychophysics has been described as "the scientific study of the relation between stimulus and sensation" or, more completely, as "the analysis of perceptual processes by studying the effect on a subject's experience or behaviour of systematically varying the properties of a stimulus along one or more physical dimensions".

alt=Diagram of a brain thinking about a brain|thumb|Metacognitive processes deal with information about other cognitive processes. Metacognition is an awareness of one's thought processes and an understanding of the patterns behind them. The term comes from the root word meta, meaning "beyond", or "on top of". Metacognition can take many forms, such as reflecting on one's ways of thinking, and knowing when and how oneself and others use particular strategies for problem-solving. There are generally two components of metacognition: (1) cognitive conceptions and (2) a cognitive regulation system

thumb|Portrait of Horace Walpole by [[Joshua Reynolds, 1756]]Serendipity is an unplanned fortunate discovery. The term was coined by Horace Walpole in 1754.

Neuroeconomics is an interdisciplinary field that seeks to explain human decision-making, the ability to process multiple alternatives and to follow through on a plan of action. It studies how economic behavior can shape our understanding of the brain, and how neuroscientific discoveries can guide models of economics.

comprehensive system of ideas about learning in acquisition of human intelligence

film editing (montage) effect by which viewers derive more meaning from the interaction of two sequential shots than from a single shot in isolation

process in which input information is analysed or transformed in order to produce information as output

knowledge that is difficult to transfer to another person by means of writing it down or verbalizing it

theoretical psychological framework for understanding the mind that gained credence in the 1950s

hypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality

phenomenon of failing to retrieve a word from memory, combined with partial recall and the feeling that retrieval is imminent

thought or behavior pattern that organizes information (psychology & cognitive science)

knowledge that has been articulated, codified, and stored in certain media

field of study in neuroscience and psychology

explanation of someone's thought process about how something works in the real world

effort being used in the working memory, which can be differentiated into three types: intrinsic, extraneous, and germane

intellectual movement in the second half of the 20th century

theory proposing that the mind works similar to a computer

thumb | right | Cover of the October 1905 issue of Jabberwock: a Monthly Magazine for Boys and Girls A pseudoword is a unit of speech or text that appears to be an actual word in a certain language, while in fact it has no meaning. It is a specific type of nonce word, or even more narrowly a nonsense word, composed of a combination of phonemes which nevertheless conform to the language's phonotactic rules. It is thus a kind of vocable: utterable but meaningless.

ability to predict, or the action of predicting, what will happen or what is needed in the future

concept in psychology that involves the human tendency to create possible alternatives to life events that have already occurred

Disposition to perseverate in one's viewpoint or in refusing other's.

mental ability to switch between thinking about two different concepts, and to think about multiple concepts simultaneously

thumb|right|310px|The three instances of Freud's Structural model of the psyche|model of the soul, combined with findings of neurologyNeuropsychoanalysis represents a synthesis of psychoanalysis and modern neuroscience. It is based on Sigmund Freud's insight that phenomena such as innate needs, perceptual consciousness, and imprinting (id, ego and superego) take place within a psychic apparatus to which "spatial extension and composition of several pieces" can be attributed and whose "locus ... is the brain (nervous system)". Neuropsychoanalysis emerged as an interdisciplinary field of resear

psychological theory

maintaining or even strengthening a belief despite new contradictory information

tendency of belief by a person or groups of beliefs once it's formed or form. tendency of following a particular assumption

multidisciplinary endeavour

in behavioral geography, person's point-of-view perception of their area of interaction; studies mainly by modern-day geographers, but also by social scientists

conscious action performed of one's own free will

logical thinking ability allowing to determine that a certain quantity will remain the same despite adjustment of the container, shape, or apparent size

intellectual capacity of cats

simple strategies, rules or mental processes involved in making quick judgments or decisions

concept used in cognitive psychology to describe the way individuals think, perceive and remember information

Overchoice or choice overload is the paradoxical phenomenon that choosing between a large variety of options can be detrimental to decision making processes. The term was first introduced by Alvin Toffler in his 1970 book, Future Shock.

psychological technique

branch of psychology that examines the proportion of subjective perception

psychological theory in which thought arises from both an implicit (automatic), unconscious process and an explicit (controlled), conscious process

approach to the study of cognitive development

school of literary criticism

thumb|An observer may be able to instantly judge how many red circles are present without counting them, but would find it harder to do so for the greater number of blue circles. Subitizing is the rapid, accurate, and effortless ability to perceive small quantities of items in a set, typically when there are four or fewer items, without relying on linguistic or arithmetic processes. The term refers to the sensation of instantly knowing how many objects are in the visual scene when their number falls within the subitizing range.

term in educational psychology

subdiscipline of cognitive science

science that studies written ans oral texts as the product of human mental processes

humans' ability to separate foreground from background in visual images

type of perceptual task requiring attention

cognitive ability theory

cognitive psychology

Hypercalculia is a specific developmental condition characterized by a mathematical calculation ability that is significantly superior to the individual's general learning ability and school attainment in mathematics. It is often associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and savant syndrome. Neuroimaging studies have suggested biological correlates for the condition; for instance, a 2002 neuroimaging study of a child with hypercalculia observed greater brain volume in the right temporal lobe. Serial SPECT scans have also indicated hyperperfusion over right parietal areas during the perfor

analysis of how a task is accomplished

memory phenomenon where remembering causes forgetting of other information in memory

once-antagonistic term for the study of mental perception and thought processes

cognitive process that matches information from a stimulus with information retrieved from memory

better recognition of letters if in words

study of the computational basis of learning and inference