Coins

A coin is a small object, usually round and flat, used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender. They are standardized in weight, and produced in large quantities at a mint in order to facilitate trade. They are most often issued by a government. Coins often have images, numerals, or text on them. The faces of coins or medals are sometimes called the obverse and the reverse, referring to the front and back sides, respectively. The obverse of a coin is commonly called heads, because it often depicts the head of a prominent person, and the reverse is known as tails.

thumb|Austrian gold ducat depicting Kaiser Franz Joseph I of Austria|Franz-Josef, The ducat ( ) coin was used as a trade coin in Europe from the later Middle Ages to the 19th century. Its most familiar version, the gold ducat or sequin containing around of 98.6% fine gold, originated in Venice in 1284 and gained wide international acceptance over the centuries. Similarly named silver ducatons also existed. The gold ducat circulated along with the Florentine florin and preceded the modern British pound sterling.

coin-container shaped like a pig

The stater (; ) was an ancient coin used in various regions of Greece. The term is also used for similar coins, imitating Greek staters, minted elsewhere in ancient Europe.

practice of throwing a coin in the air to choose between two alternatives

thumb|right|[[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia: 1 pfenning 1852. The obverse reads: 360 [make up] one thaler.]] thumb|right|German Empire: 10 pfennig iron coin 1917

thumb|upright=1.6|Crusader coins of the Kingdom of Jerusalem: Denier in European style with [[Holy Sepulchre (1162–1175); Kufic gold bezant, imitation of the Fatimid dinar (1140–1180); gold bezant with Christian symbol (1250s) (British Museum). Gold coins were first copied dinars and bore Kufic script, but after 1250 Christian symbols were added following Papal complaints.]] thumb|upright=1.6|County of Tripoli gold bezant in Arabic (1270–1300), and Tripoli silver gros (1275–1287). [[British Museum.]]

Major past events that happened in Kashmir

thumb|400px|Starting with Nero in AD 64, the Romans continuously debased their silver coins until, by the end of the 3rd century, hardly any silver was left. A debasement of coinage is the practice of lowering the intrinsic value of coins, especially when used in connection with commodity money, such as gold or silver coins, while continuing to circulate it at face value. A coin is said to be debased if the quantity of gold, silver, copper or nickel in the coin is reduced.

subdivision of currency used in many Arab countries

Tetri () is a fractional currency used in the country of Georgia. It was put into circulation in 1995.

special early samples of a coin issue

Nomisma () was the ancient Greek word for "money" and is derived from nomos () meaning "'anything assigned,' 'a usage,' 'custom,' 'law,' 'ordinance,' or 'that which is a habitual practice.'"

thumb|250px|Piedfort on the right A piedfort (, ; or piéfort ) is an unusually thick coin, often exactly twice the normal weight and thickness of other coins of the same diameter and pattern. Piedforts are not normally circulated, and are only struck for presentation purposes by mint officials (such as patterns), or for collectors, dignitaries and other VIPs. Piedfort is less commonly spelled "piefort".

form of money, usually made of bronze or copper, which were used in West Africa

front and back side of coins, medals, orders of merit, and paper bills

thumb|Ashrafi minted in the reign of Ashraf Hotak|Shāh Ashraf Hōtak (d. 1730)

numismatics

ancient currency of the Celts

the sharp circular (or otherwise shaped) edge which surrounds the coin design

aspect of history

sample coin to demonstrate the design of a coin

compositional analysis of an ore, metal, or alloy

coin minted by a government, but not necessarily current within the territory of the issuing country

form of Notgeld money issued in times of siege, war or invasion

The Croeseid, anciently Kroiseioi stateres, was a type of coin, either in gold or silver, which was minted in Sardis by the king of Lydia Croesus (561–546 BC) from around 550 BC. Croesus is credited with issuing the first true gold coins with a standardised purity for general circulation, and the world's first bimetallic monetary system.

device that determines whether notes or coins are genuine or counterfeit

coin shape

series of numismatic catalogs

16th century Portuguese gold coin

Catalan coin

object of superstition

coin minted and issued for commerce

Indian copper coin introduced by Sher Shah Suri

ancient British currency

thumb|Coin of Andrew II of Hungary, or [[Béla IV of Hungary.]] Banovac, banski denar or banica is a coin struck and used in the Kingdom of Croatia between 1235 and 1384, replacing the Croatian frizatik (which was also minted by Duke of Slavonia). The Latin name '''' was derived from the words ban ("viceroy") and denarius''.

watch inserted into a coin or medal