Computer hardware standards

thumb|Example of music created in MIDI format thumb|alt=Several rack-mounted synthesizers that share a single controller|Using MIDI, a single controller (often a musical keyboard, as pictured here) can play multiple electronic instruments, which increases the portability and flexibility of stage setups. This system fits into a single rack case, but before MIDI, it would have required four separate full-size keyboard instruments, plus outboard mixing and effects units.

interface standard for the connection of storage devices

16-bit internal bus of the IBM PC/AT

thumb|A DB-25 connector as described in the RS-232 standard

thumb|S/PDIF and TOSLINK connectors on a piece of audio equipment

synchronous serial communication interface

interface for connecting computer peripherals

logical interface for accessing non-volatile storage over the PCIe bus

Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) is an open standard that operating systems can use to discover and configure computer hardware components, to perform power management (e.g. putting unused hardware components to sleep), auto configuration (e.g. plug and play and hot swapping), and status monitoring. It was first released in December 1996. ACPI aims to replace Advanced Power Management (APM), the MultiProcessor Specification, and the Plug and Play BIOS (PnP) Specification. ACPI brings power management under the control of the operating system, as opposed to the previous BIOS-ce

bus standard for IBM PC compatible computers

international standard for a secure cryptoprocessor, a dedicated microcontroller designed to secure hardware through integrated cryptographic keys

single-ended simple two-wire bus for the purpose of lightweight communication

voluntary certification program intended to promote efficient energy use in computer power supply units

'''AC'97' (Audio Codec '97; also 'MC'97' for Modem Codec '97'') is an audio codec standard developed by Intel Architecture Labs and various codec manufacturers in 1997. The standard was used in motherboards, modems, and sound cards.

specification for the audio sub-system of personal computers

interface standard

computer bus to connect low-bandwidth devices to the CPU

thumb|MADI interface-box (RME MADIface) equipping both optical and coaxial interfaces, each can handle 64ch digital audio per link.

thumb|350px|Roland MPU-401 (top-cover removed).

electrical or optical connectors for carrying audio and video signals

computing specification

Wikimedia list article

computer-on-module form factor

Computing standard based on MIPS architecture

Embedded Technology eXtended computer-on-module specification

thumb|Qseven module VIA QSM-8Q90 with VIA Nano U3500 thumb| Wseven module iWave iW-RainbowW-G20M with Renesas RZ/G1M ([[ARM Cortex-A15)]] Qseven, a computer-on-module (COM) form factor, is a small, highly integrated computer module that can be used in a design application much like an integrated circuit component. It is smaller than other computer-on-module standards such as COM Express, ETX or XTX and is limited to very low power consuming CPUs. The maximum power consumption should be no more than 12 watts.

Protocol specified by the Open Mobile Alliance