Control theory

thumb|A feedback loop where all outputs of a process are available as causal inputs to that process

branch of applied probability theory

system that manages the behavior of other systems

branch of engineering and mathematics that deals with the behavior of dynamical systems with inputs, and how their behavior is modified by feedback

stability mechanism which occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input or by other disturbances

algorithm that estimates unknowns from a series of measurements over time

quantitative measure of the output spectrum of a system or device in response to a stimulus

Optogenetics is a biological technique used to characterize and manipulate the activity of neurons or other cell types with light. This is achieved by expression of light-sensitive ion channels, pumps or enzymes in the target brain cells.

a dynamic system's output when inputted with a brief input signal, used to parameterize the dynamic behavior of the system

automation systems using control theory and physical industrial control systems to maintain the output of a specific process within a desired range

state of a system or a process in which the variables which define the behavior of the system or the process are unchanging in time

In mechanical and control engineering, a servomechanism (also called servo system, or simply servo) is a control system for the position and its time derivatives, such as velocity, of a mechanical system. It often includes a servomotor, and uses closed-loop control to reduce steady-state error and improve dynamic response. In closed-loop control, error-sensing negative feedback is used to correct the action of the mechanism. In displacement-controlled applications, it usually includes a built-in encoder or other position feedback mechanism to ensure the output is achieving the desired effect.

In physics, an observable is a physical property or physical quantity that can be measured. In classical mechanics, an observable is a real-valued "function" on the set of all possible system states, e.g., position and momentum. In quantum mechanics, an observable is described by a linear operator. For example, these operators might represent submitting the system to various electromagnetic fields and eventually reading a value.

control method used by a controller that must adapt to a system with parameters which vary or are initially uncertain

term for extra-cellular interstitial fluid surrounding bodily organs

A microgrid is a local electrical grid with defined electrical boundaries, acting as a single and controllable entity. It is able to operate in grid-connected and off-grid modes. Microgrids may be linked as a cluster or operated as stand-alone or isolated microgrid which only operates off-the-grid not be connected to a wider electric power system. Very small microgrids are sometimes called nanogrids when they serve a single building or load.

right|thumb|A solution to a discretized partial differential equation, obtained with the finite element method.

advanced method of process control

response of a system to a change from an equilibrium state

approach to controller design that explicitly deals with uncertainty

technique for updating numerical model with observed data

mathematical model

type of Monte Carlo algorithms for signal processing and statistical inference

necessary condition for optimality associated with dynamic programming

dynamical system that exhibits both continuous and discrete dynamic behavior

science of utilizing digital computers as system controllers

model of signal reconstruction in digital-to-analog (DAC) converters

design method

time taken by a signal to change to a high value

response that characterizes how an ear receives a sound from a point in space

method used in digital signal processing and discrete-time control theory to transform continuous-time system representations to discrete-time and vice versa

regulation of the differentials of the movement position / angle, speed, acceleration, jerk and combinations thereof

matrix equation in the field of control theory

servomotor or other type of actuator used for radio control and small-scale robotics

equation from stability analysis

system when a process variable or variables have been changed and the system has not yet reached a steady state

Concept in game theory

the science of how bicycles and motorcycles move around

algorithm for the control of pulse width modulation

type of differential equation

class of control techniques that use various artificial intelligence computing approaches like neural networks, Bayesian probability, fuzzy logic, machine learning, evolutionary computation and genetic algorithms

generalization of finite measure to Banach spaces

measured value of a particular part of a process which is being monitored, controlled, or regulated

Method in feedback control system theory

observation that cats are able to right themselves when falling inverted using a non-obvious source of angular momentum

right|170px|thumb|Nullator electronic symbol In electronics, a nullator is a theoretical linear, time-invariant one-port defined as having zero current and voltage across its terminals. Nullators are strange in the sense that they simultaneously have properties of both a short (zero voltage) and an open circuit (zero current). They are neither current nor voltage sources, yet both at the same time.

computer modeling of time-varying behavior of a dynamical system

Method for finding the transfer function of a linear signal-flow graph

subfield of control theory

indirect control over an opponent's decisions

right|200px|thumb|Nullor electronic symbol (balanced version) right|200px|thumb|Nullor electronic symbol (unbalanced version)

function of management which helps to check errors in order to take corrective actions, minimize deviation from standards and ensure that the stated goals of the organization are achieved in a desired manner

right|170px|thumb|Norator electronic symbol In electronics, a norator is a theoretical linear, time-invariant one-port which can have an arbitrary current and voltage between its terminals. A norator represents a controlled voltage or current source with infinite gain.

neural process that simulates the response of the motor system in order to estimate the outcome of a motor command

model for decision analysis

system property extending the notion of controllability from linear systems to nonlinear dynamical systems

method for controlling dynamical processes by light

concept in control theory