Court titles

thumb|The court of the Durrani Empire|Durrani Emirate of [[Afghanistan (James Rattray, 1839)]] Emir (; ' (), also transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a history of use in West Asia, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and South Asia. In the modern era, when used as a formal monarchical title, it is roughly synonymous with "prince", applicable both to a son of a hereditary monarch, and to a reigning monarch

military/civil rank and honorific title in the Ottoman Empire

high administrative and military function in the middle ages, later noble title

Khatun ( ) is a title of the female counterpart to a khan or a khagan.

The word seneschal ( ) can have several different meanings, all of which reflect certain types of supervising or administering in a historic context. Most commonly, a seneschal was a senior position filled by a court appointment within a royal, ducal, or noble household during the Middle Ages and early Modern period – historically a steward or majordomo of a medieval great house. In a medieval royal household, a seneschal was in charge of domestic arrangements and the administration of servants, which, in the medieval period particularly, meant the seneschal might oversee hundreds of laborers,

officer in charge of managing a royal household

thumb|Amédée Jaubert (left) was Napoleon's "favourite orientalist adviser and dragoman". He accompanied the Persian envoy Mirza Mohammad-Reza Qazvini at [[Finckenstein Palace to meet with Napoleon on 27 April 1807 for the Treaty of Finckenstein. Detail of a painting by François Mulard.]] thumb|Plate from The Crescent and the Cross by Elliot Warburton entitled "Encampment at Baalbec, lady and dragoman in foreground." A dragoman (ترجمان) was an interpreter, translator, and official guide between Turkish-, Arabic-, and Persian-speaking countries and polities of the Middle East and European embass

rank of a high nobleman or prince

thumb|right|Grand Prince of Kiev|Grand Prince [[Vladimir Monomakh of the Rurikid dynasty resting with his druzhina after a hunt, by Viktor Vasnetsov.]]

Comes (plural comites), translated as count, was a Roman title, generally linked to a comitatus or comital office.

thumb|Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester was a courtier favoured by [[Elizabeth I.]] A courtier () is a person who attends the royal court of a monarch or other royalty. The earliest historical examples of courtiers were part of the retinues of rulers. Historically, the court was the centre of government as well as the official residence of the monarch, and the social and political life were often completely mixed together.

Jewish banker who handled the finances of, or lent money to, European royalty and nobility

The Hofmarschall (plural: Hofmarschälle) was the administrative official in charge of a princely German court, supervising all its economic affairs.

Stolnik (, , , , ) was a court office in Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine and Russia, responsible for serving the royal table, then an honorary court title and a district office. It approximately corresponds to English term "pantler".

title

Okolnichy (, ) was an old Russian court official position. According to the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, directives on the position of okolnichy date back to the 14th century. Judging by the Russian records from the 16th and 17th centuries, okolnichy were entrusted with the same business in administration as boyars, with the only difference that they were placed second to boyars everywhere. While lower than boyars, it was one of the highest ranks (or positions) close to the tsar in the courts of the Moscow rulers until the government reform undertaken by Peter the Great.

An archiater () was a chief physician of a monarch, who typically retained several. At the Roman imperial court, their chief held the high rank and specific title of Comes archiatrorum.

Sahib or Saheb () is a term of address originating from Arabic (). As a loanword, Sahib has passed into several languages, including Persian, Kurdish, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Uzbek, Turkmen, Tajik, Crimean Tatar, Urdu, Hindi, Punjabi, Pashto, Bengali, Gujarati, Marathi, Rohingya and Somali. During medieval times, it was used either as an official title or an honorific. Now, in South and Central Asia, it is almost exclusively used to give respect to someone higher or lower. The honorific has largely been replaced with sir. In the Tibeto-Burman language of Mizo, it is shortened as sâp, ref

position in a royal or noble household

thumb|A majordomo at hotel des Deux Magots, Paris in 25 November 2009 A majordomo () is a person who speaks, makes arrangements, or takes charge for another. Typically, this is the highest (major) person of a household (domūs or domicile) staff, a head servant who acts on behalf of the owner of a large or significant residence.

thumb|Queen Helen with her retinue on the way to the Shrine of Venus Cloacina, 15th century

thumb|Rabshakeh illustration, by William Brassey Hole Rabshakeh (Akkadian: 𒃲𒁉𒈜𒈨𒌍 rab šāqê [GAL.BI.LUL.MEŠ]; ; Rapsakēs; ; ; alternative spellings include Rab-shakeh, Rabsaces, or Rab shaqe) is a title meaning "chief of the princes/cup-bearers" in the Semitic Akkadian and Aramaic languages. The title was given to the chief cup-bearer or the vizier of the Akkadian, Assyrian and Babylonian royal courts in ancient Mesopotamia, and revived by the Assyrians as a military rank during World War I.

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Camerlengo (plural: , Italian for "chamberlain") is an Italian title of medieval origin. It derives from the late Latin , in turn coming through the Frankish , from the Latin which meant "chamber officer" (generally meaning "treasure chamber").

200px|thumb|left|Urban VIII supported by sediari 200px|thumb|right|Pius VIII on the sedia gestatoria, carried by the sediari pontifici 200px|thumb|right|Papal ushers performing one of the traditional roles of the sediari as they carry the coffin of John Paul II The Sediari pontifici () were chair-bearers of the pope on the sedia gestatoria. Originally servants of the papal household, they later became a lay confraternity. The origins of the chair-bearers lie in medieval times, earlier even than the Swiss Guards.

official post in a governement

thumb| Portrait of the Countess Palatine Francisca Christina of Sulzbach with her "Kammermohr" [[Ignatius Fortuna, by Johann Jakob Schmitz, Cologne 1772]] thumb|Sophie Amalie of Lüneburg, queen of Denmark, with her hand upon her Kammermohr, 17th-century. Kammermohr (or Hofmohr; pl. Kammermohren, lit. "chamber-black") was a German-language term since the 18th century for a court servant of black skin colour, which had by that time long been a common feature in European courts.

title in a royal court