COVID-19 pandemic

pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (2019–2023)

GISAID (), the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data, previously the Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data, is a global science initiative established in 2008 to provide access to genomic data of influenza viruses. The database was expanded to include the coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as other pathogens. The database has been described as "the world's largest repository of COVID-19 sequences". GISAID facilitates genomic epidemiology and real-time surveillance to monitor the emergence of new COVID-19 viral strains across the planet.

superset of mechanisms that assist the spread of the infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus

as conducted in some in countries and international organizations

global increase in social isolation