Crewed space observatories

thumb|upright=1.0|right|Spacelab art, with lab interior cutaway, 1981 thumb|upright=1.0|right|Wubbo Ockels in the lab, 1985 thumb|upright=1.0|right|Mercuric iodide crystals grown on Spacelab 3

STS-51-F (also known as Spacelab 2) was the 19th flight of NASA's Space Shuttle program and the eighth flight of Space Shuttle Challenger. It launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida, on July 29, 1985, and landed eight days later on August 6, 1985.

STS-67 was a human spaceflight mission using that launched from Kennedy Space Center, Florida on March 2, 1995.

STS-35 was the tenth flight of Space Shuttle Columbia, in the 38th shuttle mission. It was devoted to astronomical observations with ASTRO-1, a Spacelab observatory consisting of four telescopes. The mission launched from Kennedy Space Center in Florida on December 2, 1990. It was also the first shuttle mission since the Challenger disaster with a crew of seven astronauts.

{| class="toccolours" style="width: 25em; float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em;" |+ style="margin-left: inherit; font-size: larger;" | Kvant-1 Module (Mir) |- |colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |200px|Kvant-1 in 1995Kvant-1 in 1995 |- !colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background: #FFDEAD;" | Module statistics |- |Mission name||Mir |- style="vertical-align: top;" |Launch||March 31, 198700:06:16 UTCLC-200/39, Baikonur Cosmodrome, USSR |- style="vertical-align: top;" |Launch vehicle||Proton-K |- style="vertical-align: top;" |Docked||April 9, 198700:35:58 UTC |- style="verti

The Kristall () (77KST, TsM-T, 11F77T) module was the fourth module and the third major addition to Mir. As with previous modules, its configuration was based on the 77K (TKS) module, and was originally named "Kvant 3". It was launched on May 31, 1990 on Proton-K. It docked to Mir autonomously on June 10, 1990.

former ESA solar observatory on the Columbus Laboratory

solar observatory on Skylab

instrument in Soviet spacecraft

space telescope