Crewed spacecraft

The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station in low Earth orbit (LEO). It is the product of the International Space Station program and is operated by five partner space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos (Russia), ESA (Europe), JAXA (Japan), and CSA (Canada). It is the first space station built, maintained and crewed through international cooperation and the largest human spacecraft ever constructed. It is an orbital research station, where scientific experiments in microgravity are conducted and the space environment is studied. Since 2 November 2000, it has hosted the longest continuous presence of humans in space. Alongside Tiangong, it is one of the only two currently operational space stations.

partially reusable launch system and space plane developed by NASA (1981–2011)

Mir (, ; ) was a space station operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, first by the Soviet Union and later by the Russian Federation. Mir was the first modular space station and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996. It had a greater mass than any previous spacecraft. At the time it was the largest artificial satellite in orbit, succeeded by the International Space Station (ISS) after Mir's deorbiting. The station served as a microgravity research laboratory in which crews conducted experiments in biology, human biology, physics, astronomy, meteorology, and spacecraft syste

Skylab was the United States' first space station, launched by NASA, occupied for about 24 weeks between May 1973 and February 1974. It was operated by three trios of astronaut crews: Skylab 2, Skylab 3, and Skylab 4. Skylab was constructed from a repurposed Saturn V third stage (the S-IVB), and took the place of the stage during launch. Operations included an orbital workshop, a solar observatory, Earth observation and hundreds of experiments. Skylab's orbit eventually decayed and it disintegrated in the atmosphere on July 11, 1979, scattering debris across the Indian Ocean and Western Austra

American Space Shuttle orbiter

series of spacecraft designed for the Soviet space programme

American Space Shuttle orbiter

American Space Shuttle orbiter

American Space Shuttle orbiter

The Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) is a partially reusable crewed spacecraft used by NASA for the Artemis lunar exploration program. It consists of a crew module (CM), a space capsule built by Lockheed Martin, and is paired with a European Service Module (ESM) provided by the European Space Agency (ESA) and manufactured by Airbus Defence and Space. Orion supports a crew of four beyond low Earth orbit for up to 21 days undocked or up to six months when docked. It is equipped with a NASA Docking System port and glass cockpit displays. It is intended to be launched atop the Space Launch System (SLS) rocket with a tower-mounted launch escape system.

American Space Shuttle orbiter

SpaceX super heavy-lift reusable launch vehicle

first human spaceflight program of the United States

NASA's second human spaceflight program

first and only operational spaceplane in the Soviet Buran programme

1959 experimental aircraft model by North American Aviation and NASA

lander used in the Apollo program

reusable spacecraft by SpaceX

American Space Shuttle test vehicle

class of crewed spacecraft from China

type of spacecraft built by the Soviet Union

crew capsule manufactured by Boeing

planned lunar international space station

component of the United States Apollo spacecraft

SpaceShipOne is an experimental air-launched rocket-powered aircraft with sub-orbital spaceflight capability at speeds of up to / using a hybrid rocket motor. The design features a unique "feathering" atmospheric reentry system where the rear half of the wing and the twin tail booms folds 70 degrees upward along a hinge running the length of the wing; this increases drag while retaining stability. SpaceShipOne completed the first crewed private spaceflight in 2004. That same year, it won the US$10 million Ansari X Prize and was immediately retired from active service. Its mother ship was name

American spacecraft

research aircraft by Boeing

The Scaled Composites Model 339 SpaceShipTwo (SS2) is a retired air-launched suborbital spaceplane type designed for space tourism. It was manufactured by The Spaceship Company, a California-based company owned by Virgin Galactic.

Kliper (Клипер, English: Clipper) was an early-2000s proposed partially-reusable (excluding orbital section and thermal protection shield) crewed spacecraft concept by RSC Energia. Due to a lack of funding from the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Russian Space Agency (RSA), the project was indefinitely postponed in 2006.

proposed spaceplane by the European Space Agency

Soviet space station launched on 25 June 1974

Gaganyaan (,, from Sanskrit: , "celestial" and , "craft, vehicle") is an Indian crewed orbital spacecraft intended to be the formative spacecraft of the Indian Human Spaceflight Programme. The spacecraft is being designed to carry three people to low Earth orbit, and a planned upgraded version will be equipped with rendezvous and docking capabilities.

spaceflight programme in China

series of Soviet crewed spacecraft

Russian reusable space capsule

reusable spacecraft component of the Space Shuttle system

Soviet reusable spaceplane programme

lunar lander developed for the Soviet lunar program

airplane

Soviet spacecraft for crewed lunar flyby

Soviet space station launched in 1976

proposed lunar lander for the Artemis program

Chinese crewed space capsule under development

Soviet crewed lunar orbiting spacecraft

first generation of the Soyuz spacecraft of the Soyuz programme

spacecraft

revision of the Soyuz spacecraft

robotic lunar lander developed by Blue Origin

Dutch rocket and human-rated spacecraft built by Copenhagen Suborbitals

Crew Space Transportation System (CSTS), or Advanced Crew Transportation System (ACTS), was a proposed design for a crewed spacecraft for low Earth orbit operations such as servicing the International Space Station, but also capable of exploration of the Moon and beyond. It was originally a joint project between the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Roscosmos, but later became solely an ESA project. This study was conceived as a basic strategic plan to keep a viable European human spaceflight program alive.

American commercial sub-orbitable space ship

The Soyuz-T () was the third generation of the Soyuz spacecraft and operated from 1979 to 1986. The T designation stood for "transport" (), reflecting its primary role ferrying crews to and from space stations. The design was based on the second-generation Soyuz 7K-T and incorporated experience gained from the Military Soyuz program and the Soyuz 7K-TM used for the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project.

The Soyuz TM () were fourth generation (1986–2002) Soyuz spacecraft used for ferry flights to the Mir and ISS space stations. The Soyuz spacecraft consisted of three parts, the Orbital Module, the Descent Module and the Service Module.

version of the Soyuz spacecraft

latest revision of the Soyuz spacecraft

second generation of the Soyuz spacecraft

Cancelled American spacecraft

lunar module used during Apollo 11; first crewed spacecraft on the Moon

Proposed Russian space station

variant of the 2nd-generation Soyuz spacecraft (1974–1976)