Criminal procedure

legal principle that one is presumed innocent until proven guilty

a formal accusation made by a governmental authority (usually a public prosecutor or the police)

adjudication process of the criminal law

thumb|right|240px|A representative from the United States Department of State |U.S. State Department congratulates and offers a partial payment to a fully disguised informant whose information led to the neutralization of a terrorist in the Philippines thumb|Two-page totally confidential, direct and immediate letter from the Iranian Minister of Finance to the Minister of Foreign Affairs (Hossein Fatemi) about creating a foreign information network for controlling smuggling, 15 December 1952

enactment in a common-law legal system

civil and human right

detention of a criminal defendant after charges are filed until a trial

state of being legally responsible for the commission of an offense

law that retroactively changes the legal consequences or status of actions that were committed, or relationships that existed, before the enactment of the law

picture from the waist up, typically taken after a person is arrested

the right to refuse to answer questions from law enforcement officers or court officials

[when] in doubt, for the accused

legal protection from prosecution for legislators

A court-martial held in the field to hear urgent charges of offences committed in action

proceedings in any civil lawsuit or criminal prosecution

type of jury empowered by law to conduct legal proceedings, investigate potential criminal conduct, and determine whether criminal charges should be brought

lawyer appointed to represent people without charging

type of legal trial

statement by a suspect in crime which is adverse to that person

In criminal law, self-incrimination is the act of making a statement that exposes oneself to an accusation of criminal liability or prosecution. Self-incrimination can occur either directly or indirectly: directly, by means of interrogation where information of a self-incriminatory nature is disclosed; or indirectly, when information of a self-incriminatory nature is disclosed voluntarily without pressure from another person.

legal term "to be unwilling to pursue"

act of impeding investigation or courts

The concept of a private citizen being able to make a formal arrest

judge who carries out pre-trial investigations into allegations of crime

compensation paid by an offender (usually a murderer) or their family to kin of the victim

presumption that a person is guilty of a crime once accused

thumb|Chief prosecutor James M. McHaney examines defendant Gerhard Rose at the [[Doctors' Trial.]]

generally understood to be a "right for a trial" in countries that recognize that right

high legal standard of proof, usually required for criminal conviction

in law, attempt to avoid criminal or civil liability

legal procedural defense that prevents an accused person from being tried twice on same (or similar) charges

procedure in German criminal and civil procedural law

In some common law jurisdictions, an expungement or expunction is a legal process, usually defined by statute, through which a person may petition to have records relating to a prior criminal matter, such as an arrest or conviction, destroyed or sealed so that they are not accessible to the general public. The precise legal effect of expungement varies by jurisdiction. Black’s Law Dictionary defines "expungement of record" as the "process by which a record of criminal conviction is destroyed or sealed from the state or federal repository."

legal maxim

European Union legal instrument for cross-border criminal investigations

supervises offenders released from incarceration

Exoneration occurs when the conviction for a crime is reversed, either through demonstration of innocence, a flaw in the conviction, or otherwise. Attempts to exonerate individuals are particularly controversial in death penalty cases, especially where new evidence is put forth after the execution has taken place. The transitive verb, "to exonerate" can also mean to informally absolve one from blame.

legal ruling

service as a juror in a legal proceeding