Crusades

thumb|upright=1.35|14th-century miniature of the Battle of Dorylaeum (1147), a [[Second Crusade battle, from the ''Estoire d'Eracles''|alt=Medieval illustration of a battle during the Second Crusade]]

11th century pope and initiator of the Crusades

thumb|250px|Detail of the Cantigas de Santa Maria|Cantiga #63 (13th century), which deals with a late 10th-century battle in San Esteban de Gormaz involving the troops of Count García and [[Almanzor]] The Reconquista (Spanish and Portuguese for ) or the fall of al-Andalus was a series of military campaigns by northern Iberian Christian polities against Muslim-ruled al-Andalus, which had previously been part of the Visigothic Kingdom before the Muslim Conquest of 711. The Reconquista concluded in 1492 with the capture of Granada by the Catholic Monarchs of Spain, thereby ending the presence of

1209 military campaigns against Catharism in southern France

The Danishmendids or Danishmends () were a Turkish dynasty. These terms also refer to the Turkish state in Anatolia. It existed from 1071/1075 to 1178 and is also known as the Danishmendid Beylik (). The dynasty was centered originally around Sivas, Tokat, and Niksar in central-northeastern Anatolia, and extended as far west as Ankara and Kastamonu for a time, and as far south as Malatya, which they captured in 1103. In the early 12th century, the Danishmends were rivals of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, which controlled much of the territory surrounding the Danishmend lands, and they fought ext

Catholic motto in Latin: God wills it

Wikimedia disambiguation page

French noble family, 10th century on

Shaizar or Shayzar (; in modern Arabic Saijar; Hellenistic name: Larissa in Syria, Λάρισσα εν Συρία in Greek) is a town in northern Syria, administratively part of the Hama Governorate, located northwest of Hama. Nearby localities include, Mahardah, Tremseh, Kafr Hud, Khunayzir and Halfaya. According to the Syria Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Shaizar had a population of 5,953 in the 2004 census.

removal of flesh prior to burial

military, financial, territorial recovery of the Byzantine Empire under the Komnenian dynasty

1114 expedition to the Balearic Islands

Frangistan () was a term used by Easterners and Persians in particular, during the Middle Ages and later historical periods to refer to Western or Latin Europe.

the gradual decline of the Byzantine Empire

Spanish national myth

conflicts following the Fourth Crusade

1399 religious war

vice-chancellor of the Knights Hospitaller

indulgences allowed to the inhabitants of the Iberian kingdoms

unsanctioned crusades

1191 massacre of the Third Crusade

The ahdath () were local militias of irregular police in Syria in the 10th to 12th centuries. They maintained order and protected cities from outside domination. Some later writers ascribed them proletarian values, as outlets of the popular will. Most fulfilled a more formal police function and in many cases worked with the urban bourgeoisie. They helped the Fatimid Caliphate in Syria defend against the Crusaders.