Database management systems

thumb|An SQL select statement and its result|upright=1.35

Structured Query Language (SQL) (pronounced S-Q-L; or alternatively as "sequel") is a domain-specific language used to manage data, especially in a relational database management system (RDBMS). It is particularly useful in handling structured data, i.e., data incorporating relations among entities and variables.

A blockchain is a distributed ledger with growing lists of records (blocks) that are securely linked together via cryptographic hashes. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data (generally represented as a Merkle tree, where data nodes are represented by leaves). Since each block contains information about the previous block, they effectively form a chain (viz. linked list data structure), with each additional block linking to the ones before it. Consequently, blockchain transactions are resistant to alteration because, once recorded, the

proprietary database management system

digital database whose organization is based on the relational model of data

family of database software by Microsoft

NoSQL (originally meaning "Not only SQL" or "non-relational") refers to a type of database design that stores and retrieves data differently from the traditional table-based structure of relational databases. Unlike relational databases, which organize data into rows and columns like a spreadsheet, NoSQL databases use a single data structure—such as key–value pairs, wide columns, graphs, or documents—to hold information. Since this non-relational design does not require a fixed schema, it scales easily to manage large, often unstructured datasets. NoSQL systems are sometimes called "Not only S

reduction of data redundancy

computer language used to make queries into databases and information systems such as SQL or XQuery

In computer science, ACID (atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) is a set of properties of database transactions intended to guarantee data validity despite errors, power failures, and other mishaps. For example, a transfer of funds from one bank account to another, involving multiple changes such as debiting one account and crediting another, is a single transaction.

database model

unit of work performed within a database management system

family of algebras used for modelling the data stored in relational databases, and defining queries on it

set of attributes (columns) that uniquely specify a tuple (row) in a relation

event which is causing an action in a database

database management system

subroutine available to applications that access relational database management systems

Redis (; Remote Dictionary Server) is an in-memory key–value database, used as a distributed cache and message broker, with optional durability. Because it holds all data in memory and because of its design, Redis offers low-latency reads and writes, making it particularly suitable for use cases that require a cache.

set of data elements arranged in rows and columns as part of a database

profession

field or collection of fields in one table that uniquely identifies a row of another table or the same table

database in which data is stored across different physical locations

data structure for database query optimization at the expense of write and storage to maintain the index structure

four basic functions of persistent storage in computer programming

need to sacrifice consistency or availability in the presence of network partitions

single, implicitly structured data item in a table in a relational database; every row in a table has the same structure (set of columns)

access pattern in data warehouse environments, used to retrieve client-facing data pertaining to a single department, so that each department isolates the use of its own data

result set of a stored query on a database

information processing that is divided into individual, indivisible operations

situation where all data references are valid

information system facilitating and managing transaction-oriented applications

generic structure of a database type, for instance relational

making multiple copies of information to ensure consistency in computing

database management system

underlying software component that a database management system (DBMS) uses to create, read, update and delete (CRUD) data from a database

operation which returns the database to some previous state, which is crucial for recovering from database server crashes

computer program designed for storing, retrieving and managing semi-structured, document-oriented information

set of columns in a relational database

database management system that primarily relies on main memory for computer data storage

sequence of values of a particular type, one value for each row in a database table

Bigtable is a fully managed wide-column and key-value NoSQL database service for large analytical and operational workloads as part of the Google Cloud portfolio.

process of identifying, collecting, and integrating critical data of an organization in a single place

database that stores data relating to time instances

NewSQL is a class of relational database management systems that seek to provide the scalability of NoSQL systems for online transaction processing (OLTP) workloads while maintaining the ACID guarantees of a traditional database system.

syntax used to control access to data stored in a database

database object that contains the results of a query

division of a logical database or its constituent elements into distinct independent parts

concept in relational database theory

measures to ensure concurrent computing operations generate correct results

minimal superkey in relational database management systems

A tablespace is a storage location where the actual data underlying database objects can be kept. It provides a layer of abstraction between physical and logical data,

process of producing a detailed data model of a database

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record of changes made to stored data by a database management system or filesystem, which can be rolled back to implement transactional guarantees

iterator over rows returned from a database query

process of hiding original data with modified content without impacting its use in application logic

xBase is the generic term for all programming languages that derive from the original dBASE (Ashton-Tate) programming language and database formats. These are sometimes informally known as dBASE "clones". While there was a non-commercial predecessor to the Ashton-Tate product (Vulcan written by Wayne Ratliff), most clones are based on Ashton-Tate's 1986 dBASE III+ release — scripts written in the dBASE III+ dialect are most likely to run on all the clones.

Design Standard for Database Management Systems

feature to execute queries efficiently in DBMS softwares

horizontal partition of data in a database or search engine