Depression (mood)

state of low mood and aversion to activity

thumb|220px|An optimist and a pessimist, Vladimir Makovsky, 1893

mental illness characterized by mood changes

thumb|A young Japanese man living as a hikikomori in 2004 Hikikomori ( , ) are reclusive adolescents or adults who withdraw from social life, often seeking extreme degrees of isolation and confinement. The term refers to both the sociological phenomenon in general and the individuals belonging to this societal group, who have been described as "modern hermits". Hikikomori has been an increasing problem in Japan since the 1990s, with estimates suggesting that over a million individuals are affected. While the phenomenon is most associated with Japan, cases with similar conditions have also been

endogenous depression that involves intense, sustained and sometimes disabling depression experienced by women after giving birth. The comprehensive term "Perinatal depression" refers to both postpartum depression and antenatal depression.

Dysthymia ( ), known as persistent depressive disorder (PDD) in the DSM-5-TR and dysthymic disorder in ICD-11, is a psychiatric condition marked by symptoms that are similar to those of major depressive disorder, but which persist for at least two years in adults and one year among pediatric populations. The term was introduced by Robert Spitzer in the late 1970s as a replacement for the concept of "depressive personality."

thumb|Homesick for Naples (1895), painting by Bertha Worms Homesickness is the distress caused by being away from home. Its cognitive hallmark is preoccupying thoughts of home and attachment objects. Sufferers typically report a combination of depressive and anxious symptoms, withdrawn behavior and difficulty focusing on topics unrelated to home. Experienced by children and adults, the affected person may be taking a short trip to a nearby place, such as summer camp, or they may be taking a long trip or have moved to a different country.

exaggerated or irrational thought pattern involved in the onset and perpetuation of psychopathological states

persistent thinking that causes worry and distress

thumb|Acedia, engraving by Hieronymus Wierix, 16th century

bipolar disorder that is characterized by at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode; with this disorder, depressive episodes are more frequent and more intense than manic episodes

bipolar disorder that is characterized by at least one manic or mixed episode

proposed form of clinical depression

The three key elements of Depression.

A state of fatigue, lowered energy, or depression, associated with the onset of spring

behavior therapy for treating depression

mental illness

type of depression

mental disorder in children and adolescents

depressive episode arising in the aftermath of a schizophrenic psychosis

response to emotional pressure suffered for a prolonged period of time in which an individual perceives they have little or no control

self-care trend of spending large amounts of time in bed

a period characterized by the symptoms of major depressive disorder

mood disorder

pediatric depressive disorders

Evolutionary approaches to depression

intense feeling caused by lack of touch