Determinism

thumb|Fate, by Alphonse Mucha

Determinism is the metaphysical view that all events within the universe (or multiverse) can occur only in one possible way. Deterministic theories throughout the history of philosophy have developed from diverse and sometimes overlapping motives and considerations. Like eternalism, determinism focuses on particular events rather than the future as a concept. Determinism is often contrasted with free will, although some philosophers argue that the two are compatible. The antonym of determinism is indeterminism, the view that events are not deterministically caused.

idea that small causes can have large effects in complex or nonlinear dynamic systems

Predestination, in theology, is the doctrine that all events have been willed by God, usually with reference to the eventual fate of the individual soul. Explanations of predestination often seek to address the paradox of free will, whereby God's omniscience seems incompatible with human free will. In this usage, predestination can be regarded as a form of religious determinism; and usually predeterminism, also known as theological determinism.

thumb|right|Destiny, painting by Thomas Cooper Gotch|T. C. Gotch (1885–1886), [[Adelaide, Art Gallery of South Australia]]

An intention is a mental state in which a person commits themselves to a course of action. Having the plan to visit the zoo tomorrow is an example of an intention. The action plan is the content of the intention while the commitment is the attitude towards this content. Other mental states can have action plans as their content, as when one admires a plan, but differ from intentions since they do not involve a practical commitment to realizing this plan. Successful intentions bring about the intended course of action while unsuccessful intentions fail to do so. Intentions, like many other ment

theory holding that social progress is shaped by technological progress

study of how the physical environment predisposes societies and states towards particular development trajectories

Indeterminism is the idea that events (or certain events, or events of certain types) are not caused, or are not caused deterministically.

hypothetical being who knows the location and momentum of every atom and therefore knows the past and future of the universe using classical mechanics

absolutization of the influence of biological characteristics, such as genes, brain structure or physiology, on a person

Belgian economist and Marxist philosopher (1923–1995)

Compatibilism is the belief that free will and determinism are mutually compatible and that it is possible to believe in both without being logically inconsistent. The opposing belief, that the thesis of determinism is logically incompatible with the classical thesis of free will, is known as "incompatibilism".

thumb|200px|Conatus is, for Baruch Spinoza, where "each thing, as far as it lies in itself, strives to persevere in its being." In the philosophy of Baruch Spinoza, conatus (; :wikt:conatus; Latin for "effort; endeavor; impulse, inclination, tendency; undertaking; striving") is an innate inclination of a thing to continue to exist and enhance itself. This thing may be mind, matter, or a combination of both, and is often associated with God's will in a pantheist view of nature. The conatus may refer to the instinctive will to live of living organisms or to various metaphysical theories of motio

In Christianity, providentialism is the belief that all events on Earth are controlled by God.

1944 non-fiction work by Erwin Schrödinger

socioeconomic theory that economic relationships (such as being an owner or capitalist or being a worker or proletarian) are the foundation upon which all other societal and political arrangements in society are based

mathematical or physical system whose future states are not affected by random chance

thumb|right|140px|Classical incompatibilists hold that determinism leaves no room for [[free will. ]] Incompatibilism is the view that the thesis of determinism is logically incompatible with the classical thesis of free will. The term was coined in the 1960s, most likely by philosopher Keith Lehrer. The term compatibilism was coined (also by Lehrer) to name the view that the classical free will thesis is logically compatible with determinism, i.e. it is possible for an ordinary human to exercise free will (the freedom-relevant ability to do otherwise), even in a universe where determinism is

Sippenhaft or Sippenhaftung (, kin liability) is a German term for the idea that a family or clan shares the responsibility for a crime or act committed by one of its members, justifying collective punishment. As a legal principle, it was derived from Germanic law in the Middle Ages, usually in the form of fines and compensations. It was adopted by Nazi Germany to justify the punishment of kin (relatives, spouse) for the offence of a family member. Punishment often involved imprisonment and execution, and was applied to relatives of the conspirators of the failed 1944 bomb plot to assassinate

In quantum mechanics, superdeterminism is a loophole in Bell's theorem. By postulating that all systems being measured are correlated with the choices of which measurements to make on them, the assumptions of the theorem are no longer fulfilled. A hidden variables theory which is superdeterministic can thus fulfill Bell's notion of local causality and still violate the inequalities derived from Bell's theorem. This makes it possible to construct a local hidden-variable theory that reproduces the predictions of quantum mechanics, for which a few toy models have been proposed. In addition to bei

term in metaphysics

philosophical view that events are entirely determined by history

theory of human behavior

idea that language and its structures limit and determine human knowledge or thought, as well as thought processes such as categorization, memory, and perception;strong form of linguistic relativity

belief that natural wholes are composed of parts lacking any intrinsic relationship to each other

form of capital punishment in ancient China, Korea, and Vietnam, in which extended relatives of a person convicted of particularly serious crimes (treason, rebellion, etc.) would be executed together

nondeterministic Newtonian mechanical system

view that future events can be completely predicted by past ones and, therefore, that free will does not exist

hypothesis that people tend to gravitate towards areas of work that fit their name

Necessitarianism is a metaphysical principle that denies all mere possibility; there is exactly one way for the world to be.

concept in social science

Tychism () is a thesis proposed by the American philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce that holds that absolute chance, or indeterminism, is a real factor operative in the universe. This doctrine forms a central part of Peirce's comprehensive evolutionary cosmology. It may be considered both the direct opposite of Albert Einstein's oft quoted dictum that: "God does not play dice with the universe" and an early philosophical anticipation of Werner Heisenberg's uncertainty principle.

Wikimedia template

deterministic model of the universe