Developmental biology

influence of mother's environment and genotype on offspring's phenotype

effect of stimulating physical and social surroundings on the brain

term in biological sciences referring to cells that aren't passed down in reproduction

metaclass used to distinguish between morphologically or phenotypically distinct cell forms

form of cloning

term

radial hemimelia is a congenital longitudinal deficiency of the radius bone of the forearm characterized by partial or total absence of the radius

Heteromorphosis (//, //) ( – other; morphe – form) refers to situations where an organ or tissue is different from the expected, either because of (embryonic) development anomalies, or after reparative regeneration following a trauma. The difference include an abnormal location, or an abnormal shape. It should not be confused with homeosis, which means big change in tissue structure of an organ. Heteromorphosis is an example of the imperfection of some manifestations of the regenerative capacity.

Schizocoely (adjective forms: schizocoelous or schizocoelic) is a process by which some animal embryos develop. The schizocoely mechanism occurs when secondary body cavities (coeloms) are formed by splitting a solid mass of mesodermal embryonic tissue. All schizocoelomates are protostomians and they show holoblastic, spiral, determinate cleavage.

process involved in cell fate commitment. Once determination has taken place, a cell becomes committed to differentiate down a particular pathway regardless of its environment

Developmental biology concept

Enterocoelom (adjective forms: enterocoelic and enterocoelous) describes both the process by which some animal embryos develop and the origin of the cells involved. In enterocoely, a mesoderm (middle layer) is formed in a developing embryo, in which the coelom appears from pouches growing and separating from the digestive tract (also known as the embryonic gut, or archenteron). As the incipient coelomic epithelium originates from archenteral diverticula, the endoderm therefore gives rise to the mesodermal cells.

biological process that prevents polyspermy

The archinephros, or holonephros, is a primitive kidney that has been retained by the larvae of hagfish and some caecilians. A recent author has referred to this structure as "the hypothetical primitive kidney of ancestral vertebrates". In the earliest vertebrates, this structure potentially extended the entire length of the body and consisted of paired segmental structures which drained via a pair of archinephrenic ducts into the cloaca. The entire structure arises from the nephric ridge, which in humans embryos gives rise to nephrotomes and the pronephroi at around 4 weeks gestation. The pro

chemical substances which interfere in some way with normal reproduction; such substances are called reprotoxic

human disease

The asymmetric division of cells to produce two daughter cells with different developmental potentials. It is of fundamental significance for the generation of cell diversity.

Caenogenesis (also variously spelled cenogenesis, kainogenesis, kenogenesis) is the introduction during embryonic development of characters or structure not present in the earlier evolutionary history of the strain or species, as opposed to palingenesis. Notable examples include the addition of the placenta in mammals.

Gonocytes are the precursors of spermatogonia that differentiate in the testis from primordial germ cells around week 7 of embryonic development and exist up until the postnatal period, when they become spermatogonia. Germ cells operate as vehicles of inheritance by transferring genetic and epigenetic information from one generation to the next. Male fertility is centered around continual spermatogonia which is dependent upon a high stem cell population. Thus, the function and quality of a differentiated sperm cell is dependent upon the capacity of its originating spermatogonial stem cell (SSC

study of how patterns form by self-organization in nature

reversible biological process

thumb | rightCreode or chreod is a neologistic portmanteau term coined by the English 20th century biologist C. H. Waddington to represent the developmental pathway followed by a cell as it grows to form part of a specialized organ. Combining the Greek roots for "necessary" and "path," the term was inspired by the property of regulation. When development is disturbed by external forces, the embryo attempts to regulate its growth and differentiation by returning to its normal developmental trajectory.

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The dictyate or dictyotene is a prolonged resting phase in oogenesis. It occurs in the stage of meiotic prophase I in ootidogenesis. It starts late in fetal life and is terminated shortly before ovulation by the LH surge. Thus, although the majority of oocytes are produced in female fetuses before birth, these pre-eggs remain arrested in the dictyate stage until puberty commences and the cells complete ootidogenesis.

postembryonic development and moulting in Arthropoda

list of cell divisions that have led to the emergence of a cell considered

Heterotopy is an evolutionary change in the spatial arrangement of an organism's embryonic development, complementary to heterochrony, a change to the rate or timing of a development process. It was first identified by Ernst Haeckel in 1866 and has remained less well studied than heterochrony.

form of biological asymmetry

cell type