Diagnostic ophthalmology

series of tests assessing vision and pertaining to the eyes

color perception test

Ophthalmoscopy, (from Ancient Greek ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós), meaning "eye", and σκοπέω (skopéō), meaning "to look") also called funduscopy, is a test that allows a health professional to see inside the fundus of the eye and other structures using an ophthalmoscope (or funduscope). It is done as part of an eye examination and may be done as part of a routine physical examination. It is crucial in determining the health of the retina, optic disc, and vitreous humor.

eye chart used to measure visual acuity

Electrooculography (EOG) is a technique for measuring the corneo-retinal standing potential that exists between the front and the back of the human eye. The resulting signal is called the electrooculogram. Primary applications are in ophthalmological diagnosis and in recording eye movements. Unlike the electroretinogram, the EOG does not measure response to individual visual stimuli.

decreased lacrimation indicates lesion proximal to the geniculate ganglion

grid of horizontal and vertical lines used to monitor a person's central visual field

procedure to determine intra ocular pressure

thumb|Schematic Electroretinography waves of healthy people. Electroretinography measures the electrical responses of various cell types in the retina, including the photoreceptors (rods and cones), inner retinal cells (bipolar and amacrine cells), and the ganglion cells. Electrodes are placed on the surface of the cornea (DTL silver/nylon fiber string or ERG jet) or on the skin beneath the eye (sensor strips) to measure retinal responses. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) responses are measured with an EOG test with skin-contact electrodes placed near the canthi. During a recording, the patien

medical diagnostic device for visual field testing

Orthoptics is a profession allied to the eye care profession. Orthoptists are the experts in diagnosing and treating defects in eye movements and problems with how the eyes work together, called binocular vision. These can be caused by issues with the muscles around the eyes or defects in the nerves enabling the brain to communicate with the eyes. Orthoptists are responsible for the diagnosis and non-surgical management of strabismus (cross-eyed), amblyopia (lazy eye) and eye movement disorders. The word orthoptics comes from the Greek words ὀρθός orthos, "straight" and ὀπτικός optikοs, "relat

Retinoscopy is a technique to obtain an objective measurement of the refractive error of a patient's eyes.

technique for examining the circulation of the retina and choroid of the eye

disease of the eye in response to changes in the vitreous humor or more rarely, diabetes

chart used to measure vision

In ophthalmology, gonioscopy is a routine procedure that measures the angle between the iris and the cornea (the iridocorneal angle), using a goniolens (also known as a gonioscope) together with a slit lamp or operating microscope. Its use is important in diagnosing and monitoring various eye conditions associated with glaucoma.

Cycloplegia is paralysis of the ciliary muscle of the eye, resulting in a loss of accommodation. Because of the paralysis of the ciliary muscle, the curvature of the lens can no longer be adjusted to focus on nearby objects. This results in similar problems as those caused by presbyopia, in which the lens has lost elasticity and can also no longer focus on close-by objects. Cycloplegia with accompanying mydriasis (dilation of pupil) is usually due to topical application of muscarinic antagonists such as atropine and cyclopentolate.

medical imaging of the eyes

term

form of 3-D image

diagnostic procedure

clinical test for binocular vision

eye chart used to measure visual acuity

eye chart

eye chart used to measure visual acuity

diagnostic tool used in ophthalmology, otolaryngology and audiovestibular medicine

medical diagnostic method

cover test to determine strabismus