Digital typography

Unicode (also known as The Unicode Standard and TUS) is a character encoding standard maintained by the Unicode Consortium designed to support the use of text in all of the world's writing systems that can be digitized. Version 17.0 defines 159,801 characters and 172 scripts used in various ordinary, literary, academic and technical contexts.

thumb|Accessibility Braille [[dashboard in elevator]]

system using a prescribed set of digital values to represent textual characters

TeX (), stylized as '''', is a typesetting program that was designed and written by computer scientist and Stanford University professor Donald Knuth and first released in 1978. The term now refers to the system of extensions – which includes software programs called TeX engines'', sets of TeX macros, and packages which provide extra typesetting functionality – built around the original TeX language. TeX is a popular means of typesetting complex mathematical formulae; it has been noted as one of the most sophisticated digital typographical systems.

curve used in computer graphics and related fields

primitive data type

PostScript (PS) is a page description language and dynamically typed, stack-based programming language. It is most commonly used in the electronic publishing and desktop publishing realm, but as a Turing complete programming language, it can be used for many other purposes as well. PostScript was created at Adobe Systems by John Warnock, Charles Geschke, Doug Brotz, Ed Taft and Bill Paxton from 1982 to 1984. The most recent version, PostScript 3, was released in 1997.

creation of documents using page layout skills on a personal computer

OpenType is a format for scalable computer fonts. Derived from TrueType, it retains TrueType's basic structure but adds many intricate data structures for describing typographic behavior. OpenType is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.

TrueType is an outline font standard developed by Apple in the late 1980s as a competitor to Adobe's Type 1 fonts used in PostScript. It has become the most common format for fonts on the classic Mac OS, macOS, and Microsoft Windows operating systems.

digital description of a typographical font

thumb|1 and 2 depict standard renderings of a ClearType and purely Spatial anti-aliasing|anti-aliased line, respectively, while 3 and 4 are the same lines enlarged. 5 shows how the ClearType line is rendered on a subpixel level.

XeTeX ( or ; see also ), sometimes stylized as '''''', is a TeX typesetting engine using Unicode and supporting modern font technologies such as OpenType, Graphite and Apple Advanced Typography (AAT). It was originally written by Jonathan Kew and is distributed under the X11 free software license.

file format for fonts in web pages

Unicode block (U+13A0-13FF)

HarfBuzz (loose transliteration of Persian calque harf-bāz, literally "open type") is an open-source text shaping engine written in C++. Text shaping is the process of converting a sequence of Unicode code points into the correct glyph identifiers and precise positions needed to render text on screen or in print. For scripts where characters change shape depending on their neighbours (such as Arabic, Devanagari, or Tamil), text shaping ensures that the right glyph forms are selected and joined correctly. Without it, text renderers would display raw disconnected code points rather than readable

type of font files encoded in outline font specifications developed by Adobe Systems for professional digital typesetting

publishing considerations for the Web

syllabic writing system, also called “shümom”, developed among the Bamoun people in Cameroon

software libraries for Unicode support

fonts supplied at one time by Microsoft for canonical web use

process for optimizing the rasterization of vectors

pan-European character set specified by Microsoft

electronic device display

The PANOSE System is a method for classifying typefaces solely on their visual characteristics, developed by Benjamin Bauermeister. It can be used to identify an unknown font from a sample image or to match a known font to its closest visual neighbor from a font pool. The word "PANOSE" is composed of letters taken from the six classes in which the creator of the system organized the Latin alphabet.

bidirectional control character (U+200F); commonly abbreviated RLM

American type foundry

bidirectional control character

method for rendering vector fonts to glyph rasters

Interpress is a page description language developed at Xerox PARC, based on the Forth programming language and an earlier graphics language called JaM. PARC failed to commercialize it, so its creators, Chuck Geschke and John Warnock, founded Adobe Systems in 1982, and developed PostScript. Interpress is used in some Xerox printers, notably the DocuTech Network Production Publisher, and is supported in Xerox Ventura Publisher. It also serves as the output format for PARC's InterScript, a rich text word processor. Interpress describes the desired or ideal appearance of a document that has been c

technique for reducing low-resolution image distortion

subscription service for fonts

software that creates or modifies fonts

extension to Adobe Systems' Type 1 PostScript fonts

initials of the technology company IBM written using atoms