Document forgery

thumb|upright=1.2|Clockwise, from top left: Dutch ordinary, Nepalese diplomatic, Chinese service, and Polish ordinary passports

Diplomatics (in American English, and in most anglophone countries), or diplomatic (in British English), is a scholarly discipline centred on the critical analysis of documents, especially historical documents. It focuses on the conventions, protocols and formulae that have been used by document creators, and uses these to increase understanding of the processes of document creation, of information transmission, and of the relationships between the facts which the documents purport to record and reality.

literary forgery

entry or passage in a text that was not written by the original author

1973 film by Orson Welles

American counterfeiter, forger and convicted murderer

fake IDs and their production

scheme whereby intercountry adoptions are effected by illegal and fraudulent means

Uttering is a crime involving a person with the intent to defraud that knowingly sells, publishes or passes a forged or counterfeited document. More specifically, forgery creates a falsified document and uttering is the act of knowingly passing on or using the forged document.

1612 conspiracy in Japan