Dressage

Dressage ( or ; , most commonly translated as "training") is a form of horse riding performed in exhibition and competition, as well as an art sometimes pursued solely for the sake of mastery. As an equestrian sport defined by the International Equestrian Federation, dressage is described as "the highest expression of horse training" where the rider executes a memorised sequence of predetermined movements, directing the horse through the test using coordinated leg, seat, and rein aids.

thumb|Artist's rendition of a horse undergoing exercise under heavy hyperflexion. Rollkur or '''hyperflexion of the horse's neck''' is defined as "flexion of the horse's neck achieved through aggressive force" and is banned in International and Olympic sanctioned equestrian sports by the governing body, the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI). The FEI recognises a distinction between rollkur and the riding of the horse in a deep outline not achieved by force.

European tradition of the art and practice of horse schooling and riding