Drug discovery

A therapy or medical treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a medical diagnosis. Both words, treatment and therapy, are often abbreviated Tx, or Tx.

human subject research in medicine

A nocebo effect is said to occur when a patient's expectations for a treatment cause the treatment to have a worse effect than it otherwise would have. For example, when a patient anticipates a side effect of a medication, they can experience that effect even if the "medication" is actually an inert substance. The complementary concept, the placebo effect, is said to occur when expectations improve an outcome.

Cheminformatics (also known as chemoinformatics) refers to the use of physical chemistry theory with computer and information science techniques—so called "in silico" techniques—in application to a range of descriptive and prescriptive problems in the field of chemistry, including in its applications to biology and related molecular fields. Such in silico techniques are used, for example, by pharmaceutical companies and in academic settings to aid and inform the process of drug discovery, for instance in the design of well-defined combinatorial libraries of synthetic compounds, or to assist in

preventative and therapeutic medications for COVID-19 infection

chemical methods designed to rapidly synthesize large numbers of chemical compounds

regulatory class of pharmaceutical drug

quantitative prediction of the biological, ecotoxicological or pharmaceutical activity of a molecule

attempt to predict the structure of the intermolecular complex formed between two or more molecules

molecule that weighs less than 800 dalton

inventive process of finding new medications based on the knowledge of a biological target

rule of thumb that a compound is likely orally active if it violates at most one of: ≤5 hydrogen bond donors; ≤10 hydrogen bond acceptors; molecular mass of ≤500 Da; octanol-water partition coefficient of ≤5

process of bringing a new pharmaceutical drug to the market once a lead compound has been identified

process by which new candidate medications are discovered

compound showing promise as a development candidate in drug discovery

average number of patients who need to be treated to prevent one additional bad outcome

chemical term

drug discovery experimental technique

historical development of the study of pharmacy

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academic discipline in cheminformatics

Japanese medical doctor and scientist

Classical Isosteres are molecules or ions with similar shape and often electronic properties. Many definitions are available, but the term is usually employed in the context of bioactivity and drug development. Such biologically-active compounds containing an isostere is called a bioisostere. This is frequently used in drug design: the bioisostere will still be recognized and accepted by the body, but its functions there will be altered as compared to the parent molecule.

genetic engineering to produce pharmaceuticals

type of medical testing in drug discovery

collection of chemicals

subfield of pharmacology

drug discovery by phenotypic screening

drug discovery by identifying protein targets

preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications

aspect of history

In pharmacology, an antitarget (or off-target) is a receptor, enzyme, or other biological target that, when affected by a drug, causes undesirable side-effects. During drug design and development, it is important for pharmaceutical companies to ensure that new drugs do not show significant activity at any of a range of antitargets, most of which are discovered largely by chance.

Chinese military pharmaceutical project

Measure in epidemiology