Dutch inventions

general-purpose programming language

thumb|The 100-inch (2.54 m) Hooker reflecting telescope at [[Mount Wilson Observatory near Los Angeles, used by Edwin Hubble to measure galaxy redshifts and discover the general expansion of the universe.]]

thumb|upright=1.35|Russian Akula-class submarine|Akula-class submarine of the [[Northern Fleet, in 2008]] thumb|upright=1.35|

A capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy by accumulating electric charges on two closely spaced surfaces that are insulated from each other. It is a passive electronic component with two terminals. A capacitor was originally known as a condenser, a term still encountered in a few compound names, such as the condenser microphone. Colloquially, a capacitor may be called a cap.

Wi-Fi () is a family of wireless network protocols based on the IEEE 802.11 family of standards, which are commonly used for local area networking of devices and Internet access, allowing nearby digital devices to exchange data by radio waves. These are the most widely used computer networks, used globally in home and small office networks to link devices and to provide Internet access with wireless routers and wireless access points in public places such as coffee shops, restaurants, hotels, libraries, and airports.

digital optical disc data storage format

DVD (digital video disc or digital versatile disc) is a digital optical disc data storage format. It was invented and developed in 1995 and first released on November 1, 1996, in Japan. The medium can store any kind of digital data and has been widely used to store video programs (watched using DVD players), software and other computer files. DVDs offer significantly higher storage capacity than compact discs (CD) while having the same dimensions. A standard single-layer DVD can store up to 4.7 GB of data, a dual-layer DVD up to 8.5 GB. Dual-layer, double-sided DVDs can store up to a maximum o

thumb|A Bluetooth earbud, an earphone and microphone that communicates with a cellphone using the Bluetooth protocol

Blu-ray (Blu-ray Disc or BD) is a digital optical disc data storage format designed to supersede the DVD format. It was invented and developed in 2005 and released worldwide on June 20, 2006, capable of storing several hours of high-definition video (HDTV 720p and 1080p). The main application of Blu-ray is as a medium for video material such as feature films and for the physical distribution of video games for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, PlayStation 5, Xbox One, and Xbox Series X. The name refers to the blue laser used to read the disc, which allows information to be stored at a greater

thumb|A high-temperature superconductor levitating above a magnet. A persistent electric current flows on the surface of the superconductor, acting to exclude the magnetic field of the magnet (Meissner effect). This current effectively forms an electromagnet that repels the magnet.

thumb|A 45-foot cruising yacht in 2010 thumb|The superyacht Azzam, the longest private yacht, as of 2018. A yacht () is a sail- or motor-propelled watercraft made for pleasure, cruising, or racing. There is no standard definition, though the term generally applies to vessels with a cabin intended for overnight use.

Gin () is a distilled alcoholic drink flavoured with juniper berries and other botanical ingredients.

A dividend is the distribution of profits by a corporation to its shareholders. When a corporation earns a profit or surplus, it is able to pay a portion of the profit as a dividend to shareholders. Any amount not distributed is taken to be re-invested in the business (called retained earnings). The current year's profit as well as the retained earnings of previous years are available for distribution; a corporation is usually prohibited from paying a dividend out of its capital. Distribution to shareholders may be in cash (usually by bank transfer) or, if the corporation has a dividend reinve

public entity for the trading of company stocks and shares

magnetic tape recording format for audio recording and playback

symbol of Olympic Games

thumb|Use of monitoring (medicine)|real time monitoring of the heart in an [[intensive care unit in a German hospital (2015), the monitoring screen above the patient displaying an electrocardiogram and various values of parameters of the heart like heart rate and blood pressure]]

thumb|A digital thermostat thumb|right|Honeywell's "The Round" model T87 thermostat, one of which is in the collection of the [[Smithsonian.]] thumb|right|A touch screen thermostat thumb|right|An electronic thermostat in a retail store

competitive form of ice skating in which competitors race each other

type of optical telescope

graph search algorithm

thumb|Lewis R. French (schooner)|Lewis R. French, a gaff-rigged schoonerthumb|Oosterschelde (ship)|Oosterschelde, a topsail schooner thumb|Orianda, a staysail schooner, with Bermuda mainsail

MINIX is a Unix-like operating system based on a microkernel architecture, first released in 1987 and written by American-Dutch computer scientist Andrew S. Tanenbaum. It was designed as a clone of the Unix operating system and one that could run on affordable, Intel 8086-based home computers; MINIX was targeted for use in classrooms by computer science students at universities.

antique electrical device which stores a high-voltage electric charge

microscope that uses visible light

thumb|upright=1.3|1835 aquatint showing the first production of I puritani. Note range of tones.

any financial vehicle that lets multiple investors to pool their resources for investment

variable that is changed (e.g., incremented, decremented, toggled) depending on programmer-defined conditions, used to control access to a common resource by multiple processes in a concurrent system

professionally managed investment fund that pools money from many investors to purchase securities

REDIRECT Superconductivity

CD-R (Compact disc-recordable) is a digital optical disc storage format. A CD-R disc is a compact disc that can only be written once and read arbitrarily many times.

node js

thumb|upright|Graphic symbol representing a pentode of the indirectly heated cathode class Electrodes, listed from top to bottom: anode, suppressor grid, screen grid, control grid, cathode A pentode is an electronic device having five electrodes. The term most commonly applies to a three-grid amplifying vacuum tube or thermionic valve that was invented by Gilles Holst and Bernhard D.H. Tellegen in 1926. The pentode (called a triple-grid amplifier in some literature) was developed from the screen-grid tube or shield-grid tube (a type of tetrode tube) by the addition of a grid between the screen

liquid state of the element helium

thumb|300px|Scanning electron microscope image of [[pollen (false colors)]] thumb|250px|Microscopic examination in a biochemical laboratory

series of tests assessing vision and pertaining to the eyes

laboratory device for preparing gases

audio data format used on the compact disc

thumb|upright|Hollandse Graanjenever thumb|upright|French genièvre

thumb|right|Dutch fluyt, by Wenceslaus Hollar (1607-1677) A fluÿt, or simply fluyt (archaic Dutch: fluijt "flute"; ), is a Dutch type of sailing vessel originally designed by the shipwrights of Hoorn as a dedicated cargo vessel. Originating in the Dutch Republic in the 16th century, the vessel was designed to facilitate transoceanic delivery with the maximum of space and crew efficiency. Unlike rivals, it was not built for conversion in wartime to a warship, so it was simpler and cheaper to build and carried twice the cargo, and could be handled by a smaller crew. Construction by specialized s

problem used to illustrate synchronization issues and techniques for resolving them

Stratego ( ) is a chess-like strategy board wargame for two players on a board of 10×10 squares. Each player controls an army of 40 pieces representing individual officer and soldier ranks through a numbering scheme. The pieces have Napoleonic insignia. The objective of the game is to either find and capture the opponent's Flag or to capture all movable enemy pieces so that the opponent cannot make any further moves. Stratego has simple rules but a depth of strategy.

thumb|In 2006 luthier Yuri Landman built the Moodswinger, a 12 string [[overtone zither.]]

optical microscopy technique

eye chart used to measure visual acuity

mechanism for automatically controlling the speed of an engine

device which allows a submarine to operate submerged while taking in air from above the surface

camera for detecting motoring offenses

type of auction which begins with a high asking price, and lowers it

a kidney other than the natural organ

thumb|Fierljeppen in Linschoten thumb|Newsreel footage of the 1961 Fierljeppen Championships in Winsum, Friesland|Winsum Fierljeppen (West Frisian compound of fier—"far" and ljeppen—"leaping") or polsstokverspringen is a traditional sport of the Netherlands, and of West Frisian people in the Dutch province of Fryslân. The sport is also traditionally popular in the province of Utrecht which produced record holder Jaco de Groot and Theo van Kooten.

A gyrator is a passive, linear, lossless, two-port electrical network element proposed in 1948 by Bernard D. H. Tellegen as a hypothetical fifth linear element after the resistor, capacitor, inductor and ideal transformer. Unlike the four conventional elements, the gyrator is non-reciprocal. Gyrators permit network realizations of two-(or-more)-port devices which cannot be realized with just the four conventional elements. In particular, gyrators make possible network realizations of isolators and circulators. Gyrators do not however change the range of one-port devices that can be realized. A

digital media storage format

apple cultivar

Process for the commercial production of pure titanium and zirconium

DC-free run-length limited line code used by several optical disc formats

non-conservative oscillator with non-linear damping

stack-based algorithm for parsing infix mathematical expression

thumb|250px|Bridge construction made of Kapla blocks Kapla is a construction set for children and adults. The sets consist only of identical wood planks measuring 11.7 cm x 2.34 cm x 0.78 cm. This 15:3:1 ratio of length:width:thickness is different than the dimensions used for traditionally proportioned building blocks (such as unit blocks), and are used for building features such as lintels, roofs and floors. They are known for their stability in the absence of fastening devices. thumb|250px|Building constructed of Kapla blocks

thumb|right|Belt and pulleys of a Van Doorne transmission|alt=A pair of conical pulleys, with a flat belt running between them. The lower pulley is formed from two separate movable cones. In the current configuration, the cones have been moved apart so the belt "falls" into space between them. By moving the cones closer, the belt is forced to ride higher on the sides of the cones, changing the pulley ratio. thumb|right|Variomatic transmission and rear axle. The larger green drums on the left contain the vacuum mechanism that controls the variable pulleys. The rear wheels are driven by separate