Ecological processes

differential survival and reproduction of individuals in nature due to differences in phenotype; a key mechanism of evolution

process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time

Acclimatization or acclimatisation (also called acclimation or acclimatation) is the process in which an individual organism adjusts to a change in its environment (such as a change in altitude, temperature, humidity, photoperiod, or pH), allowing it to maintain fitness across a range of environmental conditions. Acclimatization occurs in a short period of time (hours to weeks), and within the organism's lifetime (compared to adaptation, which is evolution, taking place over many generations). This may be a discrete occurrence (for example, when mountaineers acclimate to high altitude over hou

thumb|upright=1.5|The pollinating wasp Dasyscolia ciliata in [[pseudocopulation with a flower of Ophrys speculum]] In biology, coevolution occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution through the process of natural selection. The term sometimes is used for two traits in the same species affecting each other's evolution, as well as gene-culture coevolution.

thumb|right|260px|Water cycle of the Earth's surface, showing the individual components of transpiration and evaporation that make up evapotranspiration. Other closely related processes shown are runoff and [[groundwater recharge.]]

shower of mostly organic detritus falling from the upper layers of the water column

branch of forestry

process by which a non-native organism or species spreads into the wild and its reproduction is sufficient to maintain its population

study of human and cultural adaptations to natural environments

process in biology by which a species spreads to new areas

ecosystem that does not exchange matter with the exterior

320x320px|thumb|right|An example of advanced anthropization: the cultivation of rice in terraces in [[Vietnam]]

ecological amplitude

study of living and non-living components of ecosystems and their interactions

hypothesis in ecology

biological process

biological water filter that uses light to grow algae which removes undesirable chemicals from aquarium water