Electroanalytical methods

thumb|300px|1. Illustration of electrophoresis thumb|300px|2. Illustration of electrophoresis retardation

Polarography is a type of voltammetry where the working electrode is a dropping mercury electrode (DME) or a static mercury drop electrode (SMDE), which are useful for their wide cathodic ranges and renewable surfaces. It was invented in 1922 by Czechoslovak chemist Jaroslav Heyrovský, for which he won the Nobel prize in 1959. The main advantages of mercury as electrode material are as follows: 1) a large voltage window: ca. from +0.2 V to -1.8 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Hg electrode is particularly well-suited for studying electroreduction reactions. 2) very reproducible electr

right|250px|thumb|Linear potential sweep

method of analytical chemistry

In analytical electrochemistry, coulometry is the measure of charge (coulombs) transfer during an electrochemical redox reaction. It can be used for precision measurements of charge, but coulometry is mainly used for analytical applications to determine the amount of matter transformed.

analytical method in electrochemistry

thumb|200px|Electrogravimetry apparatus

method of chemical analysis

thumb|Double-pulsed chronoamperometry waveform showing integrated region for charge determination.