Electrochemical potentials

electromotive force of a cell built of two electrodes

electromotive force of a half reaction cell versus standard hydrogen electrode

intensive physical property of substances

Electrical property

effect in electrochemistry

In electrochemistry, overpotential is the potential difference (voltage) between a half-reaction's thermodynamically determined reduction potential and the potential at which the redox event is experimentally observed. The term is directly related to a cell's voltage efficiency. In an electrolytic cell the existence of overpotential implies that the cell requires more energy than thermodynamically expected to drive a reaction. In a galvanic cell the existence of overpotential means less energy is recovered than thermodynamics predicts. In each case the extra/missing energy is lost as heat. The

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ratio of electric charge to radius of an ion

occurs when dispersed particles move under the influence of either gravity or centrifugation in a medium

phenomenon in chemistry involving solutions of electrolytes

electrode potential in electrochemistry