Electromagnetic radiation

effective quantum electrodynamics action for the non-linear dynamics of electromagnetic fields in vacuum

propagation delay of electromagnetic radiation (light)

Part of the electromagnetic spectrum

lowest-energy state

quantity that describes the rate at which energy is transferred by electromagnetic radiation through a real or virtual surface, per unit surface area and per unit wavelength (or, equivalently, per unit frequency)

In radiation thermodynamics, a Hohlraum (; a non-specific German word for a "hollow space", "empty room", or "cavity") is a cavity whose walls are in radiative equilibrium with the radiant energy within the cavity. First proposed by Gustav Kirchhoff in 1860 and used in the study of black-body radiation (Hohlraumstrahlung), this idealized cavity can be approximated in practice by a hollow container of any opaque material. The radiation escaping through a small perforation in the wall of such a container will be a good approximation of black-body radiation at the temperature of the interior of t

Equipment for electromagnetic testing

measure of how deep light or any electromagnetic radiation can penetrate into a material

theoretical framework for the description of electromagnetic or gravitational radiation from time-dependent distributions of distant sources

field pattern of the propagating waves of electromagnetic radiation

a resonator