Electrophoresis

thumb|300px|1. Illustration of electrophoresis thumb|300px|2. Illustration of electrophoresis retardation

method for separation and analysis of macromolecules

method of separating chemical or biological samples

thumb|Proteins of the erythrocyte membrane separated by SDS-PAGE according to their molecular masses SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) is a discontinuous electrophoretic system developed by Ulrich K. Laemmli which is commonly used as a method to separate proteins with molecular masses between 5 and 250 kDa. The combined use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, also known as sodium lauryl sulfate) and polyacrylamide gel eliminates the influence of structure and charge, and proteins are separated by differences in their size. At least up to 2025, the publication des

technique for separating different molecules by differences in their isoelectric point; a type of zone electrophoresis

Iontophoresis is a process of transdermal drug delivery by use of a voltage gradient on the skin. Molecules are transported across the stratum corneum by electrophoresis and electroosmosis and the electric field can also increase the permeability of the skin. These phenomena, directly and indirectly, constitute active transport of matter due to an applied electric current. The transport is measured in units of chemical flux, commonly μmol/(cm2×hour). Iontophoresis has experimental, therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

Form of gel electrophoresis used in analyzing proteins

thumb|320px|alt="dielectrophoresis of cancer cells"|Dielectrophoresis assembling cancer cells in a 3D microfluidic model.

physicoanalytical technique, electrophoresis in which agar or agarose gel is used as the diffusion medium

separation of protein

quotient of the mean drift speed of a charged particle caused by an electric field in a medium and the electric field strength

experimental technique for measuring DNA damage

analytical technique

thumb|Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of 2 microlitres of normal human serum. The electrophoresis was performed in thin layers of agarose; the pictured gel is about 7x7 cm. The lower part is the first dimension gel without antibodies, where the serum was applied into the slot at the lower left. The upper part is the second dimension gel with Dako antibodies against human serum proteins. More than 50 major serum proteins can be named.

electrophoresis resulting in separation of molecules based on small sequence differences

molecular biology technique for determining protein-nucleic acid interactions in vitro

laboratory test

laboratory technique for separation of DNA

thumb|350px|Stadia during an ITP separation of a mix of two analytes. White: leading electrolyte; gray: terminating electrolyte; hatched: the analytes thumb|350px|The self-sharpening effect in ITP: due to a difference in electrical field, an ion will move faster when it comes in the previous zone, and slower when it comes in the next zone. Therefore, it will return to its own zone. Below the corresponding electrical field for each zone

Electrochromatography is a chemical separation technique in analytical chemistry, biochemistry and molecular biology used to resolve and separate mostly large biomolecules such as proteins. It is a combination of size exclusion chromatography (gel filtration chromatography) and gel electrophoresis. These separation mechanisms operate essentially in superposition along the length of a gel filtration column to which an axial electric field gradient has been added. The molecules are separated by size due to the gel filtration mechanism and by electrophoretic mobility due to the gel electrophoresi

Molecular biology technique