English monarchs

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400px|thumb|right|The entry for 827 (sic#recte|recte 829) in manuscript C of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which lists the eight bretwaldas (shown as bretenanwealda in this manuscript) Bretwalda is an Old English word meaning 'ruler of Britain'. It is only recorded in the late 9th-century Anglo-Saxon Chronicle entry for the year 829. It is given to some of the rulers of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms from the 5th century onwards who had achieved overlordship of some or all of the other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms.

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Simplified chart representing family connections of Norwegian monarchs