Enlightened absolutism

former government of France

form of absolute monarchy or despotism inspired by the Enlightenment

latin phrase

thumb|Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II by [[Anton von Maron, 1775]] Josephinism is a name given collectively to the domestic policies of Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (1765–1790). During the ten years in which Joseph was the sole ruler of the Habsburg monarchy (1780–1790), he attempted to legislate a series of drastic reforms to remodel Austria in the form of what liberals saw as an ideal Enlightened state. This provoked severe resistance from powerful forces within and outside his empire, but ensured that he would be remembered as an "enlightened ruler" by historians from then to the p

18th-century period of arts and sciences in Russia