Enlightenment scientists

Sir Isaac Newton was an English polymath who was a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, author and inventor. He was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment that followed. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, first published in 1687, achieved the first great unification in physics and established classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with the German mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for formulating infinitesimal calculus, although he developed calculus years before Leibniz. Newton contributed to and refined the scientific method, and his work is considered the most influential in bringing forth modern science.

French mathematician and astronomer (1749–1827)

Italian physicist, chemist, and pioneer of electricity and power (1745-1827)

Russian polymath (1711-1765)

English chemist, theologian, educator, and political theorist (1733–1804)

Scottish physicist and chemist (1728–1799)

Scottish geologist, physician, chemical manufacturer, naturalist, and experimental agriculturalist; (1726-1797)

German naturalist, ethnologist, travel writer, journalist, and revolutionary (1754-1794)

English clergyman, geologist and palaeontologist (1784-1856)

Dutch astronomer (1764-1786)

British scientist (1677-1761)

Italian scholar and natural scientist (1658-1730)

British physicist

Scottish physicist and mathematician (1739–1805)

French scholar, scientist and politician (1742-1809)

18th century Spanish physician

Russian scientist (1773-1842)

Serbian writer and historian

British agriculturalist (1725–1795)

scientist, philosopher, and educator of the Scottish Enlightenment; (1726-1796)

Spanish ecclesiastic, historian, botanist, ethnographer, and professor (1731-1813)

German geologist (1724-1793)

Scottish physician (1719-1813)

Dutch philosopher

Russian physicist and writer (1775-1832)

Scottish surgeon (1749-1806)