Environmental science

upright=1.3|thumb|A timelapse composite panorama of different natural phenomena and environments around Mount Bromo, Indonesia.

thumb|upright=1.3|Rain falling over a drainage basin in [[Scotland. Understanding the cycling of water into, through, and out of catchments is a key element of hydrology.]]

contamination of water bodies

interdisciplinary field that studies human interaction with the environment

non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems

professional engineering discipline related to environmental science

chemical, physical, biological, and radiological characteristics of water

accounting of the energy flows which determine Earth's surface temperature and drive its climate

oxygen needed to remove organics from water

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thumb|281x281px|Defoliants are used as an aid in the harvesting of certain crops such as cotton. thumb|2,4-D, one of the first chemical herbicides used as a defoliant.|281x281px thumb|U.S. Army Huey helicopter spraying [[Agent Orange over agricultural land during the Vietnam War.|283x283px]]

elements of biodiversity, including flora and fauna, ecosystems, fossils and geological structures

original landscape formed by nature

intervals in the Earth's past

cylindrical section of a naturally occurring substance, usually obtained by drilling into it with special drills

limit on cumulative net global CO₂ emissions to achieve a specific level of global warming with a specified probability, accounting for the impact of other anthropogenic climate factors

A bioassay is an analytical method to determine the potency or effect of a substance by its effect on living animals or plants (in vivo), or on living cells or tissues (in vitro). A bioassay can be either quantal or quantitative, direct or indirect. If the measured response is binary, the assay is quantal; if not, it is quantitative.

public health branch focused on environmental impacts on human health

Bioclimatology is the interdisciplinary field of science that studies the interactions between the biosphere and the Earth's atmosphere on time scales of the order of seasons or longer (in contrast to biometeorology).

science of the practical application of geology in environmental problems.

CALIPSO was a joint NASA (US) and CNES (France) environmental satellite, built in the Cannes Mandelieu Space Center, which was launched atop a Delta II rocket on April 28, 2006. Its name stands for Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations. CALIPSO launched alongside CloudSat.

low environmental oxygen levels

sub-discipline of archaeology

ESA Earth observation satellite

Contamination is the presence of a constituent, impurity, or some other undesirable element that renders something unsuitable, unfit or harmful for the physical body, natural environment, workplace, etc.

atmospheric soot; component of fine particulate matter

thermal energy stored in ocean water

flow of energy through a food chain, and is the focus of study in ecological energetics

PROBA-2 is the second satellite in the European Space Agency's series of PROBA low-cost satellites that are being used to validate new spacecraft technologies while also carrying scientific instruments. PROBA-2 is a small satellite (130 kg) developed under an ESA General Support Technology Program (GSTP) contract by a Belgian consortium led by Verhaert (now QinetiQ Space) of Kruibeke, Belgium. The nominal mission duration was two years. As of 2022, the mission continues.

conceptual column of water from the surface to the bottom of a body of water

2010 observance

planetary-scale changes in the Earth system

Biometeorology is the interdisciplinary field of science that studies the interactions between living things (plants, microbes, vertebrates, invertebrates) and atmospheric phenomena (wind, temperature, humidity, sunlight, greenhouse gas concentrations) on time scales of the order of seasons or shorter (in contrast with bioclimatology).

Xenohormones or environmental hormones are compounds produced outside of the human body that exhibit endocrine hormone-like properties. They may be either of natural origin, such as phytoestrogens, which are derived from plants, or of synthetic origin. These compounds can cause endocrine disruption by multiple mechanisms including acting directly on hormone receptors, affecting the levels of natural hormones in the body, and by altering the expression of hormone receptors. The most commonly occurring xenohormones are xenoestrogens, which mimic the effects of estrogen. Other xenohormones includ

pollution resulting from multiple sources

type of wastewater treatment system with a fixed bed of rocks or similar

metric for the quality of an ecosystem

chemical database

Monsoon in Asian Countries

Telmatology is a branch of physical geography concerned with the study of wetlands, such as marshes or swamps.

soil -exchange of gases between plant roots and the atmosphere

thumb|right|Wastewater is considered effluent as it is released to surface water. Effluent is wastewater from sewers or industrial outfalls that flows directly into surface waters, either untreated or after being treated at a facility. The term has slightly different meanings in certain contexts, and may contain various pollutants depending on the source.

wastewater systems to treat effluent on the same property that produces the wastewater

statutory body of South Africa

Ecotechnology is an applied science that seeks to fulfill human needs while causing minimal ecological disruption, by harnessing and manipulating natural forces to leverage their beneficial effects. Ecotechnology integrates two fields of study: the 'ecology of technics' and the 'technics of ecology,' requiring an understanding of the structures and processes of ecosystems and societies. All sustainable engineering that can reduce damage to ecosystems, adopt ecology as a fundamental basis, and ensure conservation of biodiversity and sustainable development may be considered as forms of ecotechn

biotechnology that is applied to and used to study the natural environment

trophy index based on the amount of biological productivity

concept used in sanitary engineering

perimeter of a cross sectional area that is wet

scientific modeling that combines society, economy, biosphere, and atmosphere

simple measurement of stream pollution and its effects on the biology of the stream

holistic approach to the study of ecological systems

measure of the condition of soil relative to the requirements of one or more biotic species and or to any human need or purpose

Euxinia or euxinic conditions occur when water is both anoxic and sulfidic. This means that there is no oxygen (O2) and a raised level of free hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Euxinic bodies of water are frequently strongly stratified; have an oxic, highly productive, thin surface layer; and have anoxic, sulfidic bottom water. The word "euxinia" is derived from the Greek name for the Black Sea (Εὔξεινος Πόντος (Euxeinos Pontos)) which translates to "hospitable sea". Euxinic deep water is a key component of the Canfield ocean, a model of oceans during part of the Proterozoic eon (a part specifically kno

In aquatic toxicology, bioconcentration is the accumulation of a water-borne chemical substance in an organism exposed to the water.

Concept in ecology

effects of drugs on the environment

study of the interaction of humans with the pedosphere

practice of noting the occurrence or abundance of animal species at a specific location and time