Environmental social science concepts

upright=1.3|thumb|A timelapse composite panorama of different natural phenomena and environments around Mount Bromo, Indonesia.

thumb|Buildings of shops, hotels, and residences are prevalent forms of property. Property is a system of rights that gives people legal control of valuable things, and also refers to the valuable things themselves. Depending on the nature of the property, an owner of property may have the right to consume, alter, share, rent, sell, exchange, transfer, give away, or destroy it, or to exclude others from doing these things, as well as to perhaps abandon it; whereas regardless of the nature of the property, the owner thereof has the right to properly use it under the granted property rights.

mode of human development that meets current demands without compromising the needs of future generations

naturally occurring resource, including mineral resources (e.g. metal ores), mined fossil fuels (e.g. petroleum), water resources (e.g. lakes and groundwater), water energy resources, timber, arable land, game (e.g. deer), fish in water bodies, etc.

thumb|upright=1.35|Firefighters are exposed to risks of [[fire and building collapse during their work.]]

thumb|Three visual representations of sustainability and its three dimensions. The left image shows sustainability as three intersecting circles. The top right is a nested approach where social and economic sustainability are contained within environmental sustainability. The bottom right shows pillars with the different components holding up sustainability.

Environmentalism is a broad philosophy, ideology, and social movement about supporting life, habitats, and surroundings. While environmentalism focuses on the environmental and nature-related aspects of green ideology and politics, ecologism combines the ideology of social ecology and environmentalism. Ecologism is a term more commonly used in continental European languages, while environmentalism is more commonly used in English, but the words have slightly different connotations.

thumb|upright=1.5|A garden cultivated on permaculture principles

individual's or a group's human demand on nature

thumb|French writer Françoise d'Eaubonne coined the term in a 1974 book.

thumb|right|250px|Solar power|Solar-powered petrol station in [[Budapest, Hungary]] thumb|right|250px|A Volkswagen [[Golf TDI in 2010, featuring the phrase "clean diesel" (a type of fuel, also known as ultra-low-sulfur diesel). The company later faced scrutiny and conviction due to an emissions scandal.]]

Degrowth is an academic and social movement aimed at the planned and democratic reduction of production and consumption as a solution to social-ecological crises. Commonly cited policy goals of degrowth include reducing the environmental impact of human activities, redistributing income and wealth within and between countries, and encouraging a shift from materialistic values to a convivial and participatory society. According to degrowth theorists, degrowth is a multi-layered concept that combines critiques of capitalism, colonialism, productivism, and utilitarianism, while envisioning more c

assessment of the environmental consequences of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects prior to the decision to move forward with the proposed action

self-interests causing depletion of a shared resource

economical theory that increased efficiency in use of a resource also tends to increase consumption of that resource

political and social movement for addressing environmental issues

environmental injustice that occurs within a racialized context both in practice and policy.

thumb|Unfinished tower in Tenleytown, Washington, D.C.|Tenleytown, Washington, D.C. that was later removed as a result of complaints from the neighborhood

system of fairness

world's stock of natural resources, which includes geology, soils, air, water and all living organisms

thumb|Sheep grazing on common pasture, a stereotypical environmental commons, at Castlemorton The commons are the cultural and natural resources accessible to all members of a society, including natural materials such as air, water, and a habitable Earth. These resources are held in common even when owned privately or publicly. Commons can also be understood as natural resources that groups of people (communities, user groups) manage for individual and collective benefit. Characteristically, this involves a variety of informal norms and values (social practice) employed for a governance mechan

environment created by humans

principle

thumb|500px|Classification of eco-labels Ecolabels (also "eco-Labels") and Green Stickers are labeling systems for food and consumer products. The use of ecolabels is voluntary, whereas green stickers are mandated by law; for example, in North America major appliances and automobiles use Energy Star. There are currently 456 eco-labels in 199 countries, across 25 industry sectors according Ecolabel Index, the largest global directory of eco-labels. They are a form of sustainability measurement directed at consumers, intended to make it easy to take environmental concerns into account when shopp

thumb|Anti Shein protest, Grenoble, France Overconsumption describes a situation where consumers overuse their available goods and services to where they cannot, or do not want to, replenish or reuse them. In microeconomics, this is the point where the marginal cost of a consumer is greater than their marginal utility. The term overconsumption is quite controversial and does not necessarily have a single unifying definition. When used to refer to natural resources to the point where the environment is negatively affected, it is synonymous with the term overexploitation. However, when used in t

Ecomodernism is an environmental philosophy which argues that technological development can protect nature and improve human wellbeing through eco-economic decoupling, i.e., by separating economic growth from environmental impacts.

resource system or good whose characteristics makes it costly, but not impossible, to exclude potential beneficiaries from obtaining benefits from its use

study of resource and energy use

Repeated decisions by jurisdictions to compete for economic activity against one another by offering ever lower standards of regulation or taxation

form of modernization

Gross domestic product with environmental consequences factored in

Hypothetical society state

The YIMBY (; or yimby, an acronym for the phrase for "yes in my back yard") movement, or YIMBYism, is a pro-housing social movement that focuses on encouraging new housing, opposing density limits (such as single-family zoning) and other housing supply regulations, and supporting public transportation. It stands in opposition to residents it calls NIMBY ("not in my back yard"), referring to those who generally oppose most forms of urban development in order to maintain the status quo, typically low-density suburban housing.

a series of practices that reimagine nature, biology, and sexuality in the light of queer theory

concept in urban design

methods for understanding and assessing the sustainability, and management projects aimed at socially sustainable outcomes

incentives offered to farmers or landowners

concept in political ecology and environmental policy

equates human impact on the environment

hypothesis that strict environmental regulations may result in efficient innovations that result in cost savings and competitive advantage

agricultural approach or philosophy

character and atmosphere of a place, the emotions evoked, special qualities, situation, and so on

losing spatial reference

analytical method to quantify flows and stocks of materials or substances in a well-defined system

concept of foreign species aiding colonization by disrupting local ecology

description and analysis of the flows of materials and energy within cities